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Literature and Life (Complete)
Literature and Life (Complete)

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Literature and Life (Complete) is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.
In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.
Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.
It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.
I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Literature and Life (Complete)

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Literature and Life (Complete) is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.
/aɪ naʊ kɔːl ðɪs ˈstuːpəd bʌt aɪ hæv ˈrɪli noʊ mɔːr raɪt tuː bleɪm ðə bɔɪ huː wɑːz wʌns aɪ ðæn aɪ hæv tuː preɪz hɪm ənd aɪ æm ˈsɜːrtənli nɑːt ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː duː ðæt/
Line 2
In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.
/ɪn hɪz deɪ ənd pleɪs hiː dɪd wʌt hiː kʊd ɪn hɪz oʊn weɪ hiː hæd noʊ truː pərˈspektɪv ʌv laɪf bʌt aɪ duː nɑːt noʊ ðæt juːθ ˈevər hæz ðæt/
Line 3
Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.
Line 4
It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.
Line 5
I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.
/aɪ hæv səmˈtaɪmz θɔːt ðæt ˈɡreɪtər skɪl hæd kʌm tuː maɪ hænd frʌm ðem ðæn ɪt wʊd hæv hæd wɪˈθaʊt ənd aɪ hæv ˈtrʌstɪd ðæt ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ noʊn tuː miː ðə ˈsɔːrsəz ʌv soʊ mʌtʃ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ maɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈlætən ənd les ɡriːk hæv eˈneɪbəld miː tuː juːs maɪ oʊn spiːtʃ wɪð ə ˈsʌtələr sens ʌv ɪt ðæn aɪ ʃʊd hæv hæd ˈʌðərwaɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deepening noun US /ˈdiːpənɪŋ/

a process of becoming deeper and more profound

From this reading “It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.”

fibre noun US /ˈfaɪbər/

a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn

From this reading “Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.”

misdirected verb US /mɪsdɪˈrektɪd/

past form of “misdirect” — corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading “Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.”

perspective noun US /pərˈspektɪv/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading “In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.”

sources noun US /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading “I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.”

subtler adjective US /ˈsʌtələr/

comparative of “subtle” — difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading “I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.”

toughened adjective US /ˈtʌfənd/

physically toughened

From this reading “Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.”

widening noun US /ˈwaɪdənɪŋ/

an increase in width

From this reading “It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

deepeningnounUS /ˈdiːpənɪŋ/

a process of becoming deeper and more profound

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

effectless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

enabledverbUS /eˈneɪbəld/

past form of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

fibrenounUS /ˈfaɪbər/

a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

misdirectedverbUS /mɪsdɪˈrektɪd/

past form of “misdirect” — corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

perspectivenounUS /pərˈspektɪv/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

prolongedadjectiveUS /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

stressnounUS /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

stupidadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpəd/

lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

subtleradjectiveUS /ˈsʌtələr/

comparative of “subtle” — difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

toughenedadjectiveUS /ˈtʌfənd/

physically toughened

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

trustedadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌstɪd/

(of persons) worthy of trust or confidence

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

undirectedadjective

aimlessly drifting

From this reading Some strength came to him finally from the mere struggle, undirected and misdirected as it often was, and such mental fibre as he had was toughened by the prolonged stress.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I now call this stupid, but I have really no more right to blame the boy who was once I than I have to praise him, and I am certainly not going to do that.

wideningnounUS /ˈwaɪdənɪŋ/

an increase in width

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I have sometimes thought that greater skill had come to my hand from them than it would have had without, and I have trusted that in making known to me the sources of so much English, my little Latin and less Greek have enabled me to use my own speech with a subtler sense of it than I should have had otherwise.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It could be said, of course, that the time apparently wasted in these effectless studies could have been well spent in deepening and widening a knowledge of English literature never yet too great, and I have often said this myself; but then, again, I am not sure that the studies were altogether effectless.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading In his day and place he did what he could in his own way; he had no true perspective of life, but I do not know that youth ever has that.

Chapter 28 of Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Literature and Life (Complete) contain?

Chapter 28 holds 137 sentences of Literature and Life (Complete), unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Literature and Life (Complete)?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Literature and Life (Complete)

Common questions about reading Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Literature and Life (Complete)?

Yes. All 5549 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3389 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Literature and Life (Complete) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3389, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Literature and Life (Complete) take to read?

About 462 minutes of reading across 1110 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Literature and Life (Complete)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Literature and Life (Complete), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.