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Literature in the Elementary School
Literature in the Elementary School

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Literature in the Elementary School is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.
It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.
Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.
Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.
Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Literature in the Elementary School

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Literature in the Elementary School is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.
/ˈstɔːri ˈstɔːri ɪz ɪn ˈdʒenərəl ðə ˈnærətɪv ʌv ə səkˈseʃən ʌv ˈɪnsədənts ɔːr ɪˈvents/
Line 2
It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.
/ɪt ɪz ə lɑːrdʒ ˈdʒenərəl fɔːrm ɔːr dɪˈvaɪs ˈjuːsfəl ˌɪnˈdiːd ˌɪˈnevətəbəl ɪn ɔːl ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/
Line 3
Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.
/laɪk ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ˌɪtˈself ˈstɔːri ɪz ə ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl ˈmiːdiəm kənˈveɪɪŋ ðə fækts ʌv ˈhɪstəri ʌv ˈsaɪəns ʌv laɪf/
Line 4
Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.
/weˈnevər wiː hæv ðə steps ʌv ˈeni ɪkˈspɪriəns ərˈeɪndʒd əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ˈeni ʌv ðə lɔːz ʌv səbˈsiːkwəns ɔːr ˈkɑːnsəkwəns wiː hæv ˈstɔːri sʌtʃ æz ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ðə ˈdændəlaɪən siːd ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ðə laɪf ʌv ˈmeri ˈstuːərt ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ðə ˌɪnˈvenʃən ʌv ðə stiːm ˈendʒən ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ə deɪ ɪn ðə ˈsɪti/
Line 5
Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.
/naʊ ðə neˈreɪʃən ʌv ðə ɪˈvents ɪn mɪr ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl ˈsiːkwəns ɪz ˈstɔːri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chronological adjective US /ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

relating to or arranged according to temporal order

From this reading “Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.”

conveying noun US /kənˈveɪɪŋ/

act of transferring property title from one person to another

From this reading “Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.”

dandelion noun US /ˈdændəlaɪən/

any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls

From this reading “Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.”

device noun US /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading “It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.”

medium noun US /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading “Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.”

narration noun US /neˈreɪʃən/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading “Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.”

sequence noun US /ˈsiːkwəns/

serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern

From this reading “Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.”

subsequence noun US /səbˈsiːkwəns/

something that follows something else

From this reading “Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steam engine verb + noun

external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder

In this reading “Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.”

in the city preposition + article + noun counted as “in … city”

In this reading “Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

chronologicaladjectiveUS /ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

relating to or arranged according to temporal order

From this reading Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

conveyingnounUS /kənˈveɪɪŋ/

act of transferring property title from one person to another

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

dandelionnounUS /ˈdændəlaɪən/

any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

devicenounUS /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

incidentsnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

inevitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbəl/

incapable of being avoided or prevented

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.

narrationnounUS /neˈreɪʃən/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

seednounUS /siːd/

a small hard fruit

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

sequencenounUS /ˈsiːkwəns/

serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern

From this reading Now, the narration of the events in mere chronological sequence is _story_.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

STORYnounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

subsequencenounUS /səbˈsiːkwəns/

something that follows something else

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

successionnounUS /səkˈseʃən/

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading STORY Story is, in general, the narrative of a succession of incidents or events.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

universaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading Like language itself, story is a universal medium, conveying the facts of history, of science, of life.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading It is a large, general form or device, useful, indeed inevitable, in all subjects.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

WheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading Whenever we have the steps of any experience arranged according to any of the laws of subsequence or consequence, we have story; such as the story of the dandelion seed, the story of the life of Mary Stuart, the story of the invention of the steam engine, the story of a day in the city.

Chapter 4 of Literature in the Elementary School by Porter Lander MacClintock holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Literature in the Elementary School contain?

Chapter 4 holds 149 sentences of Literature in the Elementary School, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Literature in the Elementary School by Porter Lander MacClintock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Literature in the Elementary School?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Literature in the Elementary School

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Is this the complete text of Literature in the Elementary School?

Yes. All 2159 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35341 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #35341, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Literature in the Elementary School

Words and structures a reader meets early in Literature in the Elementary School, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Porter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature in the Elementary School; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lander
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Macclintock
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Published
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