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Little Tony of Italy
Little Tony of Italy

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Little Tony of Italy is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Little Tony of Italy
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.
He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.
On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.
Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.
In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Little Tony of Italy

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Little Tony of Italy is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.
Line 2
He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.
/hiː ˈæmbəld əˈlɔːŋ ðə smuːð ˈmoʊtər roʊd ˈsɪŋɪŋ ənd ˈbeɡɪŋ weˈnevər hiː faʊnd ˈsʌmwʌn tuː beɡ frʌm/
Line 3
On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.
/ɑːn iːtʃ saɪd ʌv ðə roʊd wɜːr blæk poʊsts wɪð waɪt kæps ɑːn ðem ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ ɪn ðə sʌn ˈpɑːlɪʃt tuː ʃaɪn/
Line 4
Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.
Line 5
In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.
/ɪn ˈvɪnjərdz ˈɡreɪpvaɪnz klaɪmd ənd ˈtwɪstɪd əˈbaʊt oʊld triːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambled verb US /ˈæmbəld/

past form of “amble” — walk leisurely

From this reading “He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.”

Anna's noun US /ˈænəz/

possessive form of “anna” — a former copper coin of Pakistan and India

From this reading “CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.”

caps noun US /kæps/

plural of “cap” — a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading “On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.”

glistening adjective US /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading “On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.”

grapevines noun US /ˈɡreɪpvaɪnz/

plural of “grapevine” — gossip spread by spoken communication

From this reading “In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.”

oxen noun US /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading “Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.”

posts noun US /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading “On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.”

vineyards noun US /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Next day adjective + noun

In this reading “CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.”

white caps noun + noun counted as “white cap”

In this reading “On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.”

old trees adjective + noun counted as “old tree”

In this reading “In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

ambledverbUS /ˈæmbəld/

past form of “amble” — walk leisurely

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

ANIMALSnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

Anna'snounUS /ˈænəz/

possessive form of “anna” — a former copper coin of Pakistan and India

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

beggingnounUS /ˈbeɡɪŋ/

a solicitation for money or food (especially in the street by an apparently penniless person)

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.

capsnounUS /kæps/

plural of “cap” — a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

CITIESnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

climbedverbUS /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

DISCIPLINEnounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

glisteningadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

grapevinesnounUS /ˈɡreɪpvaɪnz/

plural of “grapevine” — gossip spread by spoken communication

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.

polishedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/

perfected or made shiny and smooth

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

Snow-whiteadjective

of the white color of snow

From this reading Snow-white oxen passed, driven by farmers.

someonepronounUS /ˈsʌmwʌn/

a person, without saying who

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

Tony

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CITIES, ANIMALS, AND DISCIPLINE Next day Tony left Anna's garden early in the morning.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

twistedadjectiveUS /ˈtwɪstɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

vineyardsnounUS /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading In vineyards grapevines climbed and twisted about old trees.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading He ambled along the smooth motor road, singing and begging whenever he found someone to beg from.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On each side of the road were black posts with white caps on them, glistening in the sun, polished to shine.

Chapter 8 of Little Tony of Italy by Madeline Brandeis holds 194 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Little Tony of Italy contain?

Chapter 8 holds 194 sentences of Little Tony of Italy, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Little Tony of Italy by Madeline Brandeis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 194 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Little Tony of Italy?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Little Tony of Italy

Common questions about reading Little Tony of Italy by Madeline Brandeis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Little Tony of Italy?

Yes. All 1371 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40621 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Little Tony of Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40621, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Little Tony of Italy take to read?

About 114 minutes of reading across 275 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Little Tony of Italy section by section

How to work through Little Tony of Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Little Tony of Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Little Tony of Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Little Tony of Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arrangement
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Little Tony of Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flanagan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Little Tony of Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Little Tony of Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Began
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Little Tony of Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.