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Local Color
Local Color

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Local Color is here in full — 503 sentences across 101 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/100 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.
In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.
In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.
There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.
There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Local Color

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Local Color is here in full — 503 sentences across 101 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/100 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.
Line 2
In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.
/ɪn ðə bɪɡ taʊn ðeɪ ɑːr mɔːr ɔːr les lɔːst pərˈhæps/
Line 3
In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.
/ɪn ðə ˈsmɔːlər taʊn ðeɪ ɑːr ˈredəli tuː biː faʊnd ənd æz ˈredəli tuː biː ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/
Line 4
There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.
Line 5
There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.
/ðer ɪz ðə mæn huː hæŋz raʊnd ˈsʌmbɑːdiz ˈlɪvəri ˈsteɪbəl ˈbiːɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈʌðər ˈvɪzəbəl miːnz ʌv səˈpɔːrt ənd meɪks ə ˈspeʃəlti ʌv ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪŋ ðə dɪˈziːzəz ʌv ðə hɔːrs ənd ˈtrɪmɪŋ ʌp fɑːks ˈteriər pʌps æz rɪˈɡɑːrdz ðer ɪrz ənd teɪlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diagnosing noun US /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪŋ/

identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon

From this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

individualistic adjective US /ˌɪndɪvɪdʒuːəˈlɪstɪk/

marked by or expressing individuality

From this reading “PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.”

persona noun US /pərˈsoʊnə/

an actor's portrayal of someone in a play

From this reading “PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.”

pups noun US /pʌps/

plural of “pup” — young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf

From this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

somebody's noun US /ˈsʌmbɑːdiz/

possessive form of “somebody” — a human being

From this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

specialty noun US /ˈspeʃəlti/

an asset of special worth or utility

From this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

trimming noun US /ˈtrɪmɪŋ/

the act of adding decoration

From this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

underwear noun US /ˈʌndərwer/

undergarment worn next to the skin and under the outer garments

From this reading “There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fellow citizens noun + noun counted as “fellow citizen”

In this reading “There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.”

hangs round verb + noun counted as “hang round”

In this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

for example preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.”

visible means adjective + noun

In this reading “There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.”

in winter preposition + noun

In this reading “There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

appertainverb

be a part or attribute of

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.

AUnounUS /oʊ/

a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

continuesverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːz/

third-person singular of “continue” — continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

diagnosingnounUS /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪŋ/

identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

diseasesnounUS /dɪˈziːzəz/

plural of “disease” — an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

fleece-lined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.

foxnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

GRATIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

hangsnounUS /hæŋz/

plural of “hang” — a special way of doing something

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

individualisticadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪvɪdʒuːəˈlɪstɪk/

marked by or expressing individuality

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

PERSONAnounUS /pərˈsoʊnə/

an actor's portrayal of someone in a play

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

pupsnounUS /pʌps/

plural of “pup” — young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.

recognisedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

reproachnounUS /riˈproʊtʃ/

a mild rebuke or criticism

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

robustadjectiveUS /roʊˈbʌst/

sturdy and strong in form, constitution, or construction

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading In the smaller town they are readily to be found and as readily to be recognised.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

somebody'snounUS /ˈsʌmbɑːdiz/

possessive form of “somebody” — a human being

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

specialtynounUS /ˈspeʃəlti/

an asset of special worth or utility

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

stableadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪbəl/

resistant to change of position or condition

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

tailsnounUS /teɪlz/

formalwear consisting of full evening dress for men

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

terriernounUS /ˈteriər/

any of several usually small short-bodied breeds originally trained to hunt animals living underground

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the big town they are more or less lost, perhaps.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

trimmingnounUS /ˈtrɪmɪŋ/

the act of adding decoration

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

underwearnounUS /ˈʌndərwer/

undergarment worn next to the skin and under the outer garments

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

ungreat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

wearsnounUS /werz/

plural of “wear” — impairment resulting from long use

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading PERSONA AU GRATIN To every town, whether great or ungreat, appertain and do therefore belong certain individualistic beings.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading There is the man who hangs round somebody's livery stable, being without other visible means of support, and makes a specialty of diagnosing the diseases of the horse and trimming up fox terrier pups, as regards their ears and tails.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading There is, for example, the man who, be the weather what it may and frequently is, never wears underwear, yet continues ever to enjoy health so robust as to constitute him, especially in winter time, a living reproach to all his fleece-lined fellow citizens.

Chapter 9 of Local Color by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb holds 503 sentences, grouped into 101 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Local Color contain?

Chapter 9 holds 503 sentences of Local Color, unabridged, divided into 101 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Local Color by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 503 sentences, grouped into 101 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Local Color?

Work through the 101 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 101 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Local Color

Common questions about reading Local Color by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Local Color?

Yes. All 5640 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41297 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Local Color is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41297, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Local Color take to read?

About 470 minutes of reading across 1128 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Local Color section by section

How to work through Local Color section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Local Color to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Local Color

Words and structures a reader meets early in Local Color, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Review
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Local Color; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reviews
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Local Color; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corporation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Local Color; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publishers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Local Color; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.