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Locke
Locke

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Locke is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
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LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.
In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.
IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.
Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.
If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.
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Locke

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Locke is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.
Line 2
In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.
Line 3
IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.
Line 4
Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.
/mərˈæləti ɪz hiː meɪnˈteɪnz ɪnˈtaɪərli beɪst əˈpɑːn ðə wɪl ʌv ɡɑːd/
Line 5
If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.
/ɪf ðer wɜːr noʊ ɡɑːd ðer wʊd fɔːr hɪm biː noʊ mərˈæləti ənd ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈriːzən ʌv hɪz dɪˈnaɪɪŋ tuː ˈeɪθiəsts ðə prəˈtekʃən ʌv ðə steɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Atheists noun US /ˈeɪθiəsts/

plural of “atheist” — someone who does not believe in the existence of a god

From this reading “If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.”

denying verb US /dɪˈnaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading “If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.”

discerns verb US /dɪˈsɜːrnz/

third-person singular of “discern” — detect with the senses

From this reading “IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.”

innate adjective US /ˌɪˈneɪt/

not established by conditioning or learning

From this reading “IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.”

Locke noun US /lɑːk/

English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)

From this reading “LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.”

maintains verb US /meɪnˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.”

mathematical adjective US /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/

of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics

From this reading “IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.”

theological adjective US /ˌθiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or concerning theology

From this reading “LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Human Understanding adjective + noun

In this reading “In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.”

most obvious adverb + adjective

In this reading “IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.”

resting on verb + particle counted as “rest on”

rest on for support

In this reading “IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

AtheistsnounUS /ˈeɪθiəsts/

plural of “atheist” — someone who does not believe in the existence of a god

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

Bknoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium

From this reading In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

ch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

denyingverbUS /dɪˈnaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

discernsverbUS /dɪˈsɜːrnz/

third-person singular of “discern” — detect with the senses

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

EssaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

HimselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

HumanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.

innateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈneɪt/

not established by conditioning or learning

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

LockenounUS /lɑːk/

English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

LOCKE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

maintainsverbUS /meɪnˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

mathematicaladjectiveUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/

of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

MoralitynounUS /mərˈæləti/

concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

MORALSnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

OPINIONSnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

RELIGIONnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

restingverbUS /ˈrestɪŋ/

-ing form of “rest” — not move; be in a resting position

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.

THEOLOGICALadjectiveUS /ˌθiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or concerning theology

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

UnderstandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading In the _Essay on the Human Understanding_, Bk.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Morality is, he maintains, entirely based upon the Will of God.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If there were no God, there would, for him, be no morality, and this is the reason of his denying to Atheists the protection of the State.

WRITINGSnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading LOCKE'S OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND MORALS, AND HIS THEOLOGICAL WRITINGS.

xnounUS /eks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading IV., ch. x., Locke attempts to prove the existence of a God, which, though God has given us no innate idea of Himself, he regards as "the most obvious truth that reason discerns," and as resting on evidence equal to mathematical certainty.

Chapter 9 of Locke by Thomas Fowler holds 148 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Locke contain?

Chapter 9 holds 148 sentences of Locke, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Locke by Thomas Fowler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 148 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Locke?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #46130, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Locke

Words and structures a reader meets early in Locke, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Locke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Locke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Logic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Locke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
University
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Locke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.