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Longshanks
Longshanks

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Longshanks is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.
His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.
When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.
But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.
He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Longshanks

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Longshanks is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.
/ðə nekst θɪŋ tæd nuː wɑːz ə senˈseɪʃən ʌv ˌɪnˈtens ˈfɪzɪkəl dɪˈskʌmfərt/
Line 2
His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.
Line 3
When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.
/wen hɪz ˈsensɪz hæd klɪrd ɪˈnʌf fɔːr hɪm tuː rɪˈmɛm.bər wʌt hæd ˈhæpənd hiː traɪd tuː ˈfɪɡjər aʊt wer ðiːz ˌdespərˈɑːdoʊz wɜːr ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪm/
Line 4
But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.
/bʌt ɔːl ðæt hiː kʊd siː ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ɡraʊnd wɑːz ðə pækt braʊn ɜːrθ ʌv ðə ˈroʊdsaɪd ənd ðə ˈflæʃɪŋ ɡriːn ʌv ˈʌndərɡroʊθ bɪˈɑːnd/
Line 5
He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.
/hiː hæd ə veɪɡ ˌrekəˈlekʃən ʌv ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ˈkærid ʌp ə lɔːŋ stiːp hɪl soʊ hiː səˈpoʊzd ðeɪ mʌst hæv klaɪmd wʌn ʌv ðə roʊdz ðæt ræn ʌp əˈlɔːŋ ðə blʌf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chafed adjective US /tʃeɪft/

painful from having the skin abraded

From this reading “His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.”

desperadoes noun US /ˌdespərˈɑːdoʊz/

plural of “desperado” — a bold outlaw (especially on the American frontier)

From this reading “When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.”

discomfort noun US /dɪˈskʌmfərt/

the state of being tense and feeling pain

From this reading “The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.”

galloping verb US /ˈɡæləpɪŋ/

-ing form of “gallop” — ride at a galloping pace

From this reading “His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.”

roadside noun US /ˈroʊdsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading “But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.”

Tad noun US /tæd/

a slight amount or degree of difference

From this reading “The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.”

undergrowth noun US /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.”

wrists noun US /rɪsts/

plural of “wrist” — a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones

From this reading “His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

physical discomfort adjective + noun

In this reading “The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.”

vague recollection adjective + noun

In this reading “He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.”

steep hill adjective + noun

In this reading “He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.”

galloping horse verb + noun counted as “gallop horse”

In this reading “His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.”

painful position adjective + noun

In this reading “His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.”

brown earth noun + noun

In this reading “But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.”

next thing adjective + noun

In this reading “The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.”

ran up verb + adjective counted as “run up”

pile up (debts or scores)

In this reading “He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

bluffnounUS /blʌf/

a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

chafedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪft/

painful from having the skin abraded

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

climbedverbUS /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

desperadoesnounUS /ˌdespərˈɑːdoʊz/

plural of “desperado” — a bold outlaw (especially on the American frontier)

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

discomfortnounUS /dɪˈskʌmfərt/

the state of being tense and feeling pain

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

facingnounUS /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/

a lining applied to the edge of a garment for ornamentation or strengthening

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

fiercelyadverbUS /ˈfɪrsli/

in a physically fierce manner

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

flashingnounUS /ˈflæʃɪŋ/

a short vivid experience

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

gallopingverbUS /ˈɡæləpɪŋ/

-ing form of “gallop” — ride at a galloping pace

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

packedadjectiveUS /pækt/

extremely crowed or filled to capacity

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

recollectionnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃən/

the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

roadsidenounUS /ˈroʊdsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

saddle-bow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

sensationnounUS /senˈseɪʃən/

an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

TadnounUS /tæd/

a slight amount or degree of difference

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

throbbed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

undergrowthnounUS /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading But all that he could see, facing the ground, was the packed brown earth of the roadside and the flashing green of undergrowth beyond.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

vagueadjectiveUS /veɪɡ/

not clearly expressed or understood

From this reading He had a vague recollection of having been carried up a long, steep hill; so he supposed they must have climbed one of the roads that ran up along the bluff.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next thing Tad knew was a sensation of intense physical discomfort.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading When his senses had cleared enough for him to remember what had happened, he tried to figure out where these desperadoes were taking him.

wristsnounUS /rɪsts/

plural of “wrist” — a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones

From this reading His head throbbed fiercely, his wrists were chafed, and he lay, in a very painful position, face down, across the saddle-bow of a galloping horse.

Chapter 12 of Longshanks by Stephen W. (Stephen Warren) Meader holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Longshanks contain?

Chapter 12 holds 166 sentences of Longshanks, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Longshanks by Stephen W. (Stephen Warren) Meader exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Longshanks?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Longshanks

Common questions about reading Longshanks by Stephen W. (Stephen Warren) Meader on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Longshanks?

Yes. All 3187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75520 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Longshanks is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75520, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Longshanks take to read?

About 265 minutes of reading across 638 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Longshanks section by section

How to work through Longshanks section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Longshanks to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Longshanks

Words and structures a reader meets early in Longshanks, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wheeling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Longshanks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Longshanks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Longshanks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Canter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Longshanks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.