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Looking Backward: 2000-1887
Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Looking Backward: 2000-1887
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."
"Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."
And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"
From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.
It is now.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."
Line 2
"Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."
Line 3
And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"
Line 4
From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.
/frʌm ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ɪt hæz bɪn ə ˈhaɪli proʊˈvɑːkətɪv bʊk/
Line 5
It is now.
/ɪt ɪz naʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

condescension noun US /ˌkɑːndəˈsenʃən/

the trait of displaying arrogance by patronizing those considered inferior

From this reading “A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."”

economics noun US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

From this reading “"Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."”

first-rate adjective US /ˌfɜːrˈstreɪt/

of the highest quality

From this reading “"Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."”

provocative adjective US /proʊˈvɑːkətɪv/

serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; stimulating discussion or exciting controversy

From this reading “From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.”

radical noun US /ˈrædəkəl/

(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule

From this reading “A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."”

scornful adjective US /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

expressing extreme contempt

From this reading “And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"”

Socialism noun US /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

From this reading “And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"”

Socialists noun US /ˈsoʊʃələsts/

plural of “socialist” — a political advocate of socialism

From this reading “And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

BackwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

Bellamy's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

condescensionnounUS /ˌkɑːndəˈsenʃən/

the trait of displaying arrogance by patronizing those considered inferior

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

economicsnounUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

first-rateadjectiveUS /ˌfɜːrˈstreɪt/

of the highest quality

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is now.

isn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

kindlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndli/

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

LookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is now.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

provocativeadjectiveUS /proʊˈvɑːkətɪv/

serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; stimulating discussion or exciting controversy

From this reading From the beginning it has been a highly provocative book.

radicalnounUS /ˈrædəkəl/

(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

scornfuladjectiveUS /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

expressing extreme contempt

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

SocialismnounUS /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

SocialistsnounUS /ˈsoʊʃələsts/

plural of “socialist” — a political advocate of socialism

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A good many of my radical friends express a certain kindly condescension when they speak of Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet in further conversation I have known a very large number of these same somewhat scornful Socialists to admit, "You know, the first thing that got me started to thinking about Socialism was Bellamy's 'Looking Backward.'"

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Of course you know," they say, "that it really isn't first-rate economics."

Chapter 1 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 170 sentences of Looking Backward: 2000-1887, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Common questions about reading Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Looking Backward: 2000-1887?

Yes. All 3347 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25439 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25439, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Looking Backward: 2000-1887 take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 670 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Looking Backward: 2000-1887 section by section

How to work through Looking Backward: 2000-1887 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Words and structures a reader meets early in Looking Backward: 2000-1887, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Radical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Express
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.