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Looking Backward: 2000-1887
Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter VII

Cover illustration for Looking Backward: 2000-1887
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.
Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."
"Extension!" he repeated, "where is the extension?"
"In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."
"And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter VII

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.
Line 2
Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."
Line 3
"Extension!" he repeated, "where is the extension?"
Line 4
"In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."
Line 5
"And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “"In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."”

Least noun US /least/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."”

Name noun US /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “"And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.”

Powers noun US /powers/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “"In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.”

Repeated noun US /repeated/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “"Extension!" he repeated, "where is the extension?"”

Replied noun US /replied/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “"In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.

arrangements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

ceased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

changes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

conception

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

considered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

defending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

described

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

endeavoring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

enemies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.

enemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

exclaimed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.

extension

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

Finally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

form

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

functions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

general

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

government

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

heaven's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

idea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

implied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

keeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

leastnounUS /least/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

Leete

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

limited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

military

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

namenounUS /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading "And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

overwhelming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

peace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

police

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

powersnounUS /powers/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

proper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

rather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

repeatednounUS /repeated/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading "Extension!" he repeated, "where is the extension?"

repliednounUS /replied/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

revolution

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

silent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

society

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

speaking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

strictly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Finally I said, "The idea of such an extension of the functions of government is, to say the least, rather overwhelming."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

tremendous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "In my day," I replied, "it was considered that the proper functions of government, strictly speaking, were limited to keeping the peace and defending the people against the public enemy, that is, to the military and police powers."

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading "Extension!" he repeated, "where is the extension?"

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Dr. Leete ceased speaking, and I remained silent, endeavoring to form some general conception of the changes in the arrangements of society implied in the tremendous revolution which he had described.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "And, in heaven's name, who are the public enemies?" exclaimed Dr. Leete.