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Looking Backward: 2000-1887
Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.
"At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.
To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."
"My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.
Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.
Line 2
"At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.
/æt ˈfɔːrtifaɪv sed aɪ ə mæn stɪl hæz ten jɪrz ʌv ɡʊd ˈmænjuːəl ˈleɪbər ɪn hɪm ənd twaɪs ten jɪrz ʌv ɡʊd ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl ˈsɜːrvəs/
Line 3
To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."
Line 4
"My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.
Line 5
Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.
/noʊ oʊ tʃaɪld ʌv əˈnʌðər reɪs ənd jet ðə seɪm ðæt ðə ˈleɪbər wiː hæv tuː ˈrendər æz ˈaʊər pɑːrt ɪn sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ fɔːr ðə ˈneɪʃən ðə miːnz ʌv ə ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ˈfɪzɪkəl eɡˈzɪstəns ɪz baɪ noʊ miːnz rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd æz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ðə moʊst ˈɪntrəstɪŋ ɔːr ðə moʊst ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd emˈplɔɪmənt ʌv ˈaʊər ˈpaʊərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dispositions noun US /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “disposition” — your usual mood

From this reading “To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."”

energetic adjective US /ˌenərˈdʒetɪk/

possessing or exerting or displaying energy

From this reading “To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."”

exempting verb US /ɪɡˈzemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “exempt” — grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to

From this reading “That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.”

forty-five noun US /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading “That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.”

hardship noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."”

manual noun US /ˈmænjuːəl/

a small handbook

From this reading “"At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.”

nineteenth adjective US /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading “"My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.”

securing verb US /sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading “Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

beamingadjectiveUS /ˈbiːmɪŋ/

cheerful and bright

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

dignifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd/

having or expressing dignity; especially formality or stateliness in bearing or appearance

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

dispositionsnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “disposition” — your usual mood

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

energeticadjectiveUS /ˌenərˈdʒetɪk/

possessing or exerting or displaying energy

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

exemptingverbUS /ɪɡˈzemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “exempt” — grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

favorverbUS /ˈfeɪvər/

promote over another

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

forty-fivenounUS /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

hardshipnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

KnowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

Leete

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

manualnounUS /ˈmænjuːəl/

a small handbook

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

piquancynoun

a tart spicy quality

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

quaintnessnoun

the quality of being quaint and old-fashioned

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

securingverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

shelfnounUS /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

superannuatedadjective

too old to be useful

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading To be superannuated at that age and laid on the shelf must be regarded rather as a hardship than a favor by men of energetic dispositions."

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading That evening I sat up for some time after the ladies had retired, talking with Dr. Leete about the effect of the plan of exempting men from further service to the nation after the age of forty-five, a point brought up by his account of the part taken by the retired citizens in the government.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading "At forty-five," said I, "a man still has ten years of good manual labor in him, and twice ten years of good intellectual service.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Know, O child of another race and yet the same, that the labor we have to render as our part in securing for the nation the means of a comfortable physical existence is by no means regarded as the most important, the most interesting, or the most dignified employment of our powers.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "My dear Mr. West," exclaimed Dr. Leete, beaming upon me, "you cannot have any idea of the piquancy your nineteenth century ideas have for us of this day, the rare quaintness of their effect.

Chapter 19 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy holds 29 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 contain?

Chapter 19 holds 29 sentences of Looking Backward: 2000-1887, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 29 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Looking Backward: 2000-1887

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Is this the complete text of Looking Backward: 2000-1887?

Yes. All 3347 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25439 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25439, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Looking Backward: 2000-1887 take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 670 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Looking Backward: 2000-1887 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Words and structures a reader meets early in Looking Backward: 2000-1887, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Radical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Express
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.