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Looking Backward: 2000-1887
Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.
"You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.
We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."
"The cost must be very great," I said.
"If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.
Line 2
"You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.
/juː wɪl siː sed hiː æz wiː set aʊt ˈæftər ˈbrekfəst ˈmeni ˈveri ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪˈtwiːn ˈaʊər ˈmeθədz ʌv ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən ənd jʊrz bʌt ðə meɪn ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ðæt ˈnaʊədeɪz ɔːl ˈpɜːrsənz ˈiːkwəli hæv ðoʊz ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz ʌv ˈhaɪər ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən wɪtʃ ɪn jɔːr deɪ ˈoʊnli æn ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ðə ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/
Line 3
We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."
/wiː ʃʊd θɪŋk wiː hæd ɡeɪnd ˈnʌθɪŋ wɜːrθ ˈspiːkɪŋ ʌv ɪn ˈiːkwəlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈkʌmfərt ʌv men wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃənəl ɪˈkwɑːləti/
Line 4
"The cost must be very great," I said.
/ðə kɑːst mʌst biː ˈveri ɡreɪt aɪ sed/
Line 5
"If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

colleges noun US /ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz/

plural of “college” — the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading “It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.”

educational adjective US /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃənəl/

relating to the process of education

From this reading “It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.”

equality noun US /ɪˈkwɑːləti/

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

From this reading “We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."”

equalizing verb US /ˈiːkwəlaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “equalize” — compensate; make the score equal

From this reading “We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."”

infinitesimal noun US /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl/

(mathematics) a variable that has zero as its limit

From this reading “"You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.”

pittance noun US /ˈpɪtəns/

an inadequate payment

From this reading “"If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.”

revenue noun US /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading “"If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.”

twentieth noun US /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading “It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "The cost must be very great," I said.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

collegesnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz/

plural of “college” — the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading "The cost must be very great," I said.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

devoteverbUS /dɪˈvoʊt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

differencesnounUS /ˈdɪfərənsɪz/

plural of “difference” — the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

educationaladjectiveUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃənəl/

relating to the process of education

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

equalitynounUS /ɪˈkwɑːləti/

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

equalizingverbUS /ˈiːkwəlaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “equalize” — compensate; make the score equal

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading "The cost must be very great," I said.

grudgenounUS /ɡrʌdʒ/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "The cost must be very great," I said.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

infinitesimalnounUS /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl/

(mathematics) a variable that has zero as its limit

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

inspectionnounUS /ˌɪnˈspekʃən/

a formal or official examination

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

Leete

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "The cost must be very great," I said.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

opportunitiesnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

pittancenounUS /ˈpɪtəns/

an inadequate payment

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

revenuenounUS /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

twentiethnounUS /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It had been suggested by Dr. Leete that we should devote the next morning to an inspection of the schools and colleges of the city, with some attempt on his own part at an explanation of the educational system of the twentieth century.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading We should think we had gained nothing worth speaking of, in equalizing the physical comfort of men, without this educational equality."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading "If it took half the revenue of the nation, nobody would grudge it," replied Dr. Leete, "nor even if it took it all save a bare pittance.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading "You will see," said he, as we set out after breakfast, "many very important differences between our methods of education and yours, but the main difference is that nowadays all persons equally have those opportunities of higher education which in your day only an infinitesimal portion of the population enjoyed.

Chapter 22 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 contain?

Chapter 22 holds 72 sentences of Looking Backward: 2000-1887, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887 by Edward Bellamy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Looking Backward: 2000-1887?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 3347 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25439 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #25439, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Looking Backward: 2000-1887 take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 670 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Looking Backward: 2000-1887

Words and structures a reader meets early in Looking Backward: 2000-1887, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Radical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Express
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Looking Backward: 2000-1887; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.