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Lord Byron as a satirist in verse
Lord Byron as a satirist in verse

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
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ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.
So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.
Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.
Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.
The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lord Byron as a satirist in verse

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈsætaɪər frʌm ˈdraɪdən tuː ˈbaɪrən ɪˈnʌf hæz bɪn sed tuː hɪnt ðæt ˈbaɪrənz ˈkwɑːlətiz æz ə ˈsætərəst ɪn vɜːrs ɑːr ˈɔːfən best tuː biː ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ ə ˈrefərəns tuː ðə ˈmeθədz ənd ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ðoʊz huː went bɪˈfɔːr hɪm/
Line 2
So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.
Line 3
Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.
/ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli ðə fiːld ʌv ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈsætaɪər hæz bɪn ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtəd ˈkerfəli ˈoʊnli tuː ðə kloʊs ʌv ðə ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən ˈerə ɪt ɪz ˈðerfɔːr ˌɪmˈperətɪv tuː ˈprezənt æz ə ˈwɜːrkɪŋ ˈbeɪsəs ə briːf ˈaʊtlaɪn ʌv ðə kɔːrs ʌv səˈtɪrɪk vɜːrs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsentʃəri ɔːr mɔːr ˈpraɪər tuː ˈbaɪrənz oʊn eɪdʒ/
Line 4
Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.
/sʌtʃ ə ˈsʌməri ˈbiːɪŋ ʌv ˈvæljuː hiːr ˈtʃiːfli æz əˈfɔːrdɪŋ məˈtɪriəl fɔːr kəmˈperəsən dɪˈteɪld ˈtriːtmənt niːd biː ˈɡɪvən ˈoʊnli tuː ðə mɔːr kənˈspɪkjuːəs ˈfɪɡjərz ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli tuː ðoʊz tuː huːm ɪt ɪz ˈpɑːsəbəl ˈbaɪrən wɑːz ˈʌndər ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃən/
Line 5
The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accession noun US /əkˈseʃən/

a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)

From this reading “The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.”

Byron's noun US /ˈbaɪrənz/

possessive form of “byron” — English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.”

investigated verb US /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtəd/

past form of “investigate” — investigate scientifically

From this reading “Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.”

satiric adjective US /səˈtɪrɪk/

exposing human folly to ridicule

From this reading “So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.”

satirist noun US /ˈsætərəst/

a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading “ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.”

satirists noun US /ˈsætərəsts/

plural of “satirist” — a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading “So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.”

widespread adjective US /ˈwaɪdˈspred/

widely circulated or diffused

From this reading “So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

conspicuous figures adjective + noun counted as “conspicuous figure”

In this reading “Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.”

under obligation preposition + noun

In this reading “Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.”

own age verb + noun

In this reading “Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

accessionnounUS /əkˈseʃən/

a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

affordingverbUS /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

BYRONnounUS /ˈbaɪrən/

English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

Byron'snounUS /ˈbaɪrənz/

possessive form of “byron” — English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

characteristicsnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

conspicuousadjectiveUS /kənˈspɪkjuːəs/

obvious to the eye or mind

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

conventionaladjectiveUS /kənˈvenʃənəl/

following accepted customs and proprieties

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

detailedadjectiveUS /dɪˈteɪld/

developed or executed with care and in minute detail

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

DRYDENnounUS /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

ENGLISHnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

EnoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

Gifford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

hintnounUS /hɪnt/

an indirect suggestion

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

imperativeadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈperətɪv/

requiring attention or action

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

indebtedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

investigatedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtəd/

past form of “investigate” — investigate scientifically

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

obligationnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃən/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

prioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

SATIREnounUS /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

satiricadjectiveUS /səˈtɪrɪk/

exposing human folly to ridicule

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

satiristnounUS /ˈsætərəst/

a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

satiristsnounUS /ˈsætərəsts/

plural of “satirist” — a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

summarynounUS /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

UnfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading ENGLISH SATIRE FROM DRYDEN TO BYRON Enough has been said to hint that Byron’s qualities as a satirist in verse are often best to be explained by a reference to the methods and influence of those who went before him.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Such a summary being of value here chiefly as affording material for comparison, detailed treatment need be given only to the more conspicuous figures, particularly to those to whom it is possible Byron was under obligation.

widespreadadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdˈspred/

widely circulated or diffused

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading So far as his connection with English satire is concerned, Byron was indebted in part to a widespread and somewhat conventional satiric tradition established by Pope and in part also to the special characteristics of certain individual satirists like Gifford.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading Unfortunately the field of English satire has been investigated carefully only to the close of the Elizabethan era; it is, therefore, imperative to present, as a working basis, a brief outline of the course of satiric verse during the century or more prior to Byron’s own age.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The years between the accession of Charles II and the death of Pope saw a remarkable advance in the quantity and quality of published satiric work, in both prose and verse.

Chapter 2 of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse by Claude Moore Fuess holds 230 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse contain?

Chapter 2 holds 230 sentences of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse by Claude Moore Fuess exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 230 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lord Byron as a satirist in verse

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Project Gutenberg eBook #73176, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 210 minutes of reading across 507 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Lord Byron as a satirist in verse

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lord Byron as a satirist in verse, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lord Byron as a satirist in verse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
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Frowde
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Corner
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