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Los gringos
Los gringos

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Los gringos is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Los gringos
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.
Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.
At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.
There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.
Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Los gringos

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Los gringos is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.
/bɪˈfɔːr rɪˈzuːmɪŋ ðə θred ʌv ðɪs ˈnærətɪv ɪt meɪ biː æz wel tuː ɡɪv ə briːf ˈsʌməri ʌv ɪˈvents ðæt hæd trænˈspaɪərd ˈpriːviəsli tuː ˈaʊər ərˈaɪvəl/
Line 2
Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.
/ˈpendɪŋ dɪˈstɜːrbənsəz bɪˈtwiːn ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈmeksəkoʊ wen ðə ˈkwɔːrəl hæd nɑːt riːtʃt æn ˈoʊ.pən ˈrʌptʃər mʌtʃ ɪkˈsaɪtmənt prɪˈveɪld ɪn ˈʌpər ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə θruː ðə ˈeɪdʒənsi ʌv ə fjuː ˈfɔːrənərz huː wɪʃt tuː ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz ðə ˈkʌntri/
Line 3
At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.
Line 4
There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.
/ðer ɪz ˈriːzən tuː bɪˈliːv ˈɔːlsoʊ ðæt hiː wɑːz ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd tuː fiːl ðə ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl pʌls ʌv ðə ˈneɪtɪvz æz wel æz ðə ˈmaʊntən ˈpæsəz/
Line 5
Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Castro noun US /ˈkæstroʊ/

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

From this reading “Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.”

disturbances noun US /dɪˈstɜːrbənsəz/

plural of “disturbance” — activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption

From this reading “Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.”

emigration noun US /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading “At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.”

explorations noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.”

Fremont noun US /ˈfriːmɑːnt/

United States explorer who mapped much of the American west and Northwest (1813-1890)

From this reading “At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.”

Monterey noun US /ˌmɑːntərˈeɪ/

a town in western California to the south of San Francisco on a peninsula at the southern end of Monterey Bay

From this reading “Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.”

revolutionize verb US /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/

change radically

From this reading “Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.”

rupture verb US /ˈrʌptʃər/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading “Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

encamped near verb + particle counted as “encamp near”

In this reading “Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.”

through the agency preposition + article + noun counted as “through … agency”

In this reading “Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.”

thread of verb + particle

In this reading “Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.”

in relation preposition + noun

In this reading “At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.”

prevailed in verb + particle counted as “prevail in”

In this reading “Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.”

in command preposition + noun

In this reading “Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

agencynounUS /ˈeɪdʒənsi/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

CastronounUS /ˈkæstroʊ/

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

disturbancesnounUS /dɪˈstɜːrbənsəz/

plural of “disturbance” — activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

emigrationnounUS /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

EngineersnounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪrz/

plural of “engineer” — a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

explorationsnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

foreignernounUS /ˈfɔːrənər/

a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

foreignersnounUS /ˈfɔːrənərz/

plural of “foreigner” — a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

FremontnounUS /ˈfriːmɑːnt/

United States explorer who mapped much of the American west and Northwest (1813-1890)

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

geographicaladjectiveUS /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to the science of geography

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

instructedverbUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “instruct” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

issuedverbUS /ˈɪʃuːd/

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

Jose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

MexicannounUS /ˈmeksəkən/

a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

MontereynounUS /ˌmɑːntərˈeɪ/

a town in western California to the south of San Francisco on a peninsula at the southern end of Monterey Bay

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

orderingnounUS /ˈɔːrdərɪŋ/

logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

OregonnounUS /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

ostensiblyadverbUS /ɑːˈstensəbli/

from appearances alone

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

PendingadjectiveUS /ˈpendɪŋ/

awaiting conclusion or confirmation

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

practicabilitynoun

the quality of being usable

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

previouslyadverbUS /ˈpriːviəsli/

at an earlier time or formerly

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

proclamationnounUS /ˌprɑːkləˈmeɪʃən/

a formal public statement

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

provincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

pulsenounUS /pʌls/

(electronics) a sharp transient wave in the normal electrical state (or a series of such transients)

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

quarrelnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəl/

an angry dispute

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

resumingverbUS /rɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

revolutionizeverbUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/

change radically

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

ruptureverbUS /ˈrʌptʃər/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

summarynounUS /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is reason to believe, also, that he was instructed to feel the geographical pulse of the natives, as well as the mountain passes.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

threadverbUS /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

Topographicaladjective

concerned with topography

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

transpiredverbUS /trænˈspaɪərd/

past form of “transpire” — pass through the tissue or substance or its pores or interstices, as of gas

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

UpperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At this epoch, Mr. Fremont, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, was in the heart of California, engaged upon scientific explorations, ostensibly in relation to the practicability of the best route for emigration to Oregon.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Before resuming the thread of this narrative, it may be as well to give a brief summary of events that had transpired previously to our arrival.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading Pending disturbances between the United States and Mexico, when the quarrel had not reached an open rupture, much excitement prevailed in Upper California, through the agency of a few foreigners, who wished to revolutionize the country.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Be this as it may, Mr. Fremont was encamped near Monterey, with sixty followers, when Jose Castro, a Mexican officer in command of the province, issued a proclamation, ordering Fremont to leave the territory immediately, and at the same time threatened to drive every foreigner away also.

Chapter 4 of Los gringos by H. A. (Henry Augustus) Wise holds 76 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Los gringos contain?

Chapter 4 holds 76 sentences of Los gringos, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Los gringos by H. A. (Henry Augustus) Wise exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 76 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Los gringos?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Los gringos

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Is this the complete text of Los gringos?

Yes. All 3654 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32178 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Los gringos is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32178, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Los gringos take to read?

About 304 minutes of reading across 731 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Los gringos section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Los gringos

Words and structures a reader meets early in Los gringos, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Original
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Pages
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Available
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