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Loss and gain
Loss and gain

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Loss and gain is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Loss and gain
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.
"I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."
"If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.
We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."
"I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Loss and gain

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Loss and gain is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.
Line 2
"I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."
Line 3
"If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.
/ɪf juː hæd jɔːr weɪ ˈænsərd tʃɑːrlz juː wʊd skreɪp ɔːf ðə roʊdz tɪl ðer wɑːz ˈnʌθɪŋ tuː wɔːk ɑːn/
Line 4
We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."
/wiː ɑːr fɔːrst tuː wɔːk ɑːn wʌt juː kɔːl ˈhʌmbʌɡ wiː pʊt ɪt ˈʌndər ˈaʊər fiːt bʌt wiː juːs ɪt/
Line 5
"I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afforded verb US /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading “Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.”

cleverness noun US /ˈklev.ər.nəs/

The quality of being intelligent, quick to understand, and resourceful in danger.

From this reading “Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.”

composite noun US /kəmˈpɑːzət/

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

From this reading “Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.”

fudge verb US /fʌdʒ/

tamper, with the purpose of deception

From this reading “"I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."”

humbug noun US /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/

pretentious or silly talk or writing

From this reading “"I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."”

scrape verb US /skreɪp/

scratch repeatedly

From this reading “"If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.”

Sheffield noun US /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading “"I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."”

shovel noun US /ˈʃʌvəl/

a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle

From this reading “"I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

absurdadjectiveUS /əbˈsɜːrd/

inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

Bateman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

cartloads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

clevernessnounUS /ˈklev.ər.nəs/

The quality of being intelligent, quick to understand, and resourceful in danger.

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

compositenounUS /kəmˈpɑːzət/

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

fudgeverbUS /fʌdʒ/

tamper, with the purpose of deception

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

humbugnounUS /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/

pretentious or silly talk or writing

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

it's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

missverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

scrapeverbUS /skreɪp/

scratch repeatedly

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

SheffieldnounUS /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

shovelnounUS /ˈʃʌvəl/

a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading "I cannot think that; it's like doing evil that good may come.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Bateman was one of these composite characters: he had much good and much cleverness in him; but he was absurd, and he afforded a subject of conversation to the two friends as they proceeded on their walk.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading We are forced to walk on what you call humbug; we put it under our feet, but we use it."

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading "I wish there was less of fudge and humbug everywhere," said Sheffield; "one might shovel off cartloads from this place, and not miss it."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "If you had your way," answered Charles, "you would scrape off the roads till there was nothing to walk on.

Chapter 4 of Loss and gain by John Henry Newman holds 75 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Loss and gain contain?

Chapter 4 holds 75 sentences of Loss and gain, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Loss and gain by John Henry Newman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 75 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Loss and gain?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Loss and gain

Common questions about reading Loss and gain by John Henry Newman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Loss and gain?

Yes. All 4933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Loss and gain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Loss and gain take to read?

About 411 minutes of reading across 987 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Loss and gain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Loss and gain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Convert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Newman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.