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Loss and gain
Loss and gain

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Loss and gain is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Loss and gain
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.
Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.
The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.
The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.
A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Loss and gain

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Loss and gain is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.
Line 2
Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.
Line 3
The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.
Line 4
The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.
Line 5
A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Berkshire noun US /ˈbɜːrkʃər/

a county in southern England

From this reading “About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.”

bracing noun US /ˈbreɪsɪŋ/

a structural member used to stiffen a framework

From this reading “The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.”

Charles's noun US /ˈtʃɑːrlzɪz/

possessive form of “charles” — King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading “A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.”

contrasts noun US /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading “The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.”

girt verb US /ɡɜːrt/

inflected form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading “The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.”

greedily adverb US /ˈɡriːdəli/

in a greedy manner

From this reading “The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.”

Reding verb US /ˈriːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “rede” — give an interpretation or explanation to

From this reading “The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.”

Sheffield noun US /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading “The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

afflictionnounUS /əˈflɪkʃən/

a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

BerkshirenounUS /ˈbɜːrkʃər/

a county in southern England

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

bloomnounUS /bluːm/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

bracingnounUS /ˈbreɪsɪŋ/

a structural member used to stiffen a framework

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

brilliancynoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

Charles'snounUS /ˈtʃɑːrlzɪz/

possessive form of “charles” — King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

chestnutadjectiveUS /ˈtʃesnʌt/

(of hair or feathers) of a golden brown to reddish brown color

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

chinenoun

cut of meat or fish including at least part of the backbone

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

commandingadjectiveUS /kəˈmændɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

contrastsnounUS /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

drinksnounUS /drɪŋks/

plural of “drink” — a single serving of a beverage

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

furzenoun

very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

girtverbUS /ɡɜːrt/

inflected form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

gorsenoun

very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

greedilyadverbUS /ˈɡriːdəli/

in a greedy manner

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

hidverbUS /hɪd/

inflected form of “hide” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

many-turreted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

meadowsnounUS /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

RedingverbUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “rede” — give an interpretation or explanation to

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

SheffieldnounUS /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

thickly-wooded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

turfnounUS /tɜːrf/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

underneathprepositionUS /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/

directly under, often hidden by what is above

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

unprofitablyadverb

without gain or profit

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

VacationnounUS /veɪˈkeɪʃən/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The gorse was still in bloom, in the latter end of the month of June, when Reding and Sheffield took up their abode in a small cottage at the upper end of this village--so hid with trees and girt in with meadows that for the stranger it was hard to find--there to pass their third and last Long Vacation before going into the schools.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The red sand which lies underneath contrasts with the green, and adds to its brilliancy; it drinks in, too, the rain greedily, so that the wide common is nearly always fit for walking; and the air, unlike the heavy atmosphere of the University beneath it, is fresh and bracing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Over its broad summit once stretched a chestnut forest; and now it is covered with the roots of trees, or furze, or soft turf.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading About three miles from Oxford a thickly-wooded village lies on the side of a steep, long hill or chine, looking over the Berkshire woods, and commanding a view of the many-turreted city itself.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading A year and a half had passed since Charles's great affliction, and the time had not been unprofitably spent either by himself or his friend.

Chapter 16 of Loss and gain by John Henry Newman holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Loss and gain contain?

Chapter 16 holds 96 sentences of Loss and gain, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Loss and gain by John Henry Newman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Loss and gain?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Loss and gain

Common questions about reading Loss and gain by John Henry Newman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Loss and gain?

Yes. All 4930 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Loss and gain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Loss and gain take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 986 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Loss and gain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Loss and gain to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Loss and gain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Loss and gain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Convert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Newman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.