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Loss and gain
Loss and gain

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Loss and gain is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Loss and gain
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.
"How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"
"Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."
"Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."
"He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Loss and gain

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Loss and gain is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.
Line 2
"How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"
Line 3
"Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."
Line 4
"Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."
/ˈɔːltərd fɔːr ðə ˈbetər sed tʃɑːrlz hiː hæz naʊ ə ˈstedi ˈsensəbəl weɪ ʌv ˈtɔːkɪŋ bʌt hiː wɑːz nɑːt ə ˈveri waɪz ˈpɜːrsən tuː jɪrz əˈɡoʊ hiː ɪz ˈriːdɪŋ tuː ˈrɪli hɑːrd/
Line 5
"He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

altered adjective US /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading “"How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"”

dullest adjective US /ˈdʌləst/

superlative of “dull” — lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading “"Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."”

kitten noun US /ˈkɪtən/

young domestic cat

From this reading “"Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."”

playful adjective US /ˈpleɪfəl/

full of fun and high spirits

From this reading “"Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."”

Reding verb US /ˈriːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “rede” — give an interpretation or explanation to

From this reading “A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.”

sensible adjective US /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading “"Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."”

Sheffield noun US /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading “A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.”

steadiness noun US /ˈstedinɪs/

freedom from wavering or indecision; constancy of resolve or conduct

From this reading “"He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

behindhandadjective

behind schedule

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

Carlton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

dullestadjectiveUS /ˈdʌləst/

superlative of “dull” — lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

kittennounUS /ˈkɪtən/

young domestic cat

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

playfuladjectiveUS /ˈpleɪfəl/

full of fun and high spirits

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

RedingverbUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “rede” — give an interpretation or explanation to

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

sadlyadverbUS /ˈsædli/

in an unfortunate way

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

SheffieldnounUS /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading "How he is altered," said Charles, "since I first knew him!"

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

steadinessnounUS /ˈstedinɪs/

freedom from wavering or indecision; constancy of resolve or conduct

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

steadyverbUS /ˈstedi/

make steady

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

tabbies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Altered!" cried Sheffield; "he was a playful kitten once, and now he is one of the dullest old tabbies I ever came across."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading A few days later, Carlton, Sheffield, and Reding were talking together after dinner out of doors about White.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading "Altered for the better," said Charles; "he has now a steady sensible way of talking; but he was not a very wise person two years ago; he is reading, too, really hard."

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "He has some reason," said Sheffield, "for he is sadly behindhand; but there is another cause of his steadiness which perhaps you know."

Chapter 18 of Loss and gain by John Henry Newman holds 75 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Loss and gain contain?

Chapter 18 holds 75 sentences of Loss and gain, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Loss and gain by John Henry Newman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 75 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Loss and gain?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Loss and gain

Common questions about reading Loss and gain by John Henry Newman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Loss and gain?

Yes. All 4930 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Loss and gain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Loss and gain take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 986 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Loss and gain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Loss and gain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Convert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Newman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Loss and gain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.