Chapter III · Sam’s Trials Begin

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

higher than, or over, something

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

the lower side of anything

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

eat an early morning meal

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

plural of “cave” — a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

a plant of the genus Trifolium

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

lighted by or as if by twilight

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

plural of “dweller” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

at any time

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

very far away in space or time

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

art highly prized for its beauty or perfection

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

plural of “glimpse” — a quick look

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

depressingly dark

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

a small growth of trees without underbrush

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

a narrow gorge with a stream running through it

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

only a very short time before

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

ten 10s

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961)

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

-ing form of “lift” — raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

plural of “mule” — hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

absolutely essential

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

immediately following in time or order

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

arrange in a container

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

possessing material wealth

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

a guided missile fired from land or shipboard against an airborne target

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

in the near future

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

not in physical motion

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In this valley the horses and pack mules were kept, and, as they had but little to do, they might be said to "live in clover."

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the topmost one of two

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

green foliage

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

during the time that

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

which person or people

From this reading While it was still dusky in these depths, though the glimpses of far-off ruddy mountain peaks told that the sun was rising in the upper world, Sam and Ike, who were hardly ever apart, went up to the valley and soon returned with three horses and two mules, the latter were to carry back the necessary supplies from Hurley’s Gulch.

belonging to which person

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

past form of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The bottom of this valley was covered with rich grass, and in it was a grove of cotton-wood trees whose bright verdure gave the place the appearance of a rich emerald gem in a mighty setting of granite.

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading While daylight was flooding the upper world next morning, and the shadows were lifting from the gloomy depths of the cañon, the modern cave dwellers ate their breakfast.

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading About three hundred yards above the caves the cañon widened out into a valley some three hundred yards in diameter.