used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
the form of “be” used with “I”
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
aspiredverbUS /əˈspaɪrd/
past form of “aspire” — have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
associationsnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃənz/
plural of “association” — a formal organization of people or groups of people
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
in or to or toward a former location
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
having undesirable or negative qualities
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
earlier than; in front of
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/
the -ing form of “be”
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
boyhoodnounUS /ˈbɔɪhʊd/
the childhood of a boy
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
cannot
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
cause to change; make different; cause a transformation
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/
plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
the act of drawing spatially closer to something
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
a state at a particular time
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
very opposed in nature or character or purpose
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/
the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
convictnounUS /ˈkɑːnvɪkt/
a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
convictsnounUS /ˈkɑːnvɪkts/
plural of “convict” — a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
the time during which someone's life continues
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
degradationsnounUS /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃənz/
plural of “degradation” — changing to a lower state (a less respected state)
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
having finished or arrived at completion
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
enduredverbUS /enˈdjʊrd/
past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/
all the members of a group, with none left out
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
morally objectionable behavior
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
examplesnounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəlz/
plural of “example” — an item of information that is typical of a class or group
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/
past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
fettersnounUS /ˈfetərz/
plural of “fetter” — a shackle for the ankles or feet
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
floggings
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
hard-working
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/
characteristic of humanity
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
low or inferior in station or quality
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
on condition that; in the event that
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
imbibedverbUS /ɪmˈbaɪbd/
past form of “imbibe” — take in, also metaphorically
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
free from evil or guilt
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
a domain in which something is dominant
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/
above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
gain knowledge or skills
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
produced by a manufacturing process
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
strongly marked; easily noticeable
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
meetsnounUS /miːts/
plural of “meet” — a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
modenounUS /moʊd/
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
belonging to the person speaking
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
used when the speaker is also the object of the action
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
not any; not one
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
and nothing more
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
in other respects or ways
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
past form of “pass” — go across or through
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
a strong feeling or emotion
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
preceptsnounUS /ˈpriːsepts/
plural of “precept” — rule of personal conduct
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
give an exhibition of to an interested audience
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
propensitynounUS /prəˈpensɪti/
an inclination to do something
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
punishingadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/
resulting in punishment
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
reflectverbUS /rɪˈflekt/
manifest or bring back
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/
a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
recurring again and again
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
scarredadjectiveUS /skɑːrd/
deeply affected or marked by mental or physical pain or injury
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/
from a time in the past until now
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
in the near future
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
strengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈstreŋθənd/
given added strength or support
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
tendverbUS /tend/
have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
used to introduce the second part of a comparison
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading "I am glad to learn that a change has been made in the mode of punishing crime in the mother country.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
judge or regard; look upon; judge
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading A convict coming to this country meets with no associations, precepts, or examples, that tend to reform him; but, on the contrary, every evil passion and propensity is strengthened, if it has existed before; and imbibed, if it has not.
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
from one end or side of something to the other
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
transportedverbUS /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/
past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/
characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
unwillingadjectiveUS /ənˈwɪlɪŋ/
not disposed or inclined toward
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
be dressed in
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
used to ask for information about something
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
at the time that
From this reading "Sometimes, when I reflect on the degradations I have endured, I am ashamed to think of myself as a human being.
which person or people
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
in the company of; together with
From this reading "When I look back to the innocent and happy days of my boyhood--of what I aspired to be--only an honest, respectable, hard-working man, when I contrast those days, and those humble hopes, with the scenes I have since passed through, and my present condition--my back scarred with repeated floggings, and my limbs marked by the wear of iron fetters--I am not unwilling to die.
(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability
From this reading It has not been done too soon: for, bad as many of the convicts are--who are transported from the large cities of the United Kingdom--they cannot be otherwise than made worse, by the system followed here.
