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Lothair
Lothair

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Lothair is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lothair
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.
The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.
The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.
Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.
Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lothair

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Lothair is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.
/hɪz ˈʌtər ˈhoʊpləsnəs meɪd ə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪˈtwiːn ðə ˈkɑːrdənəl ənd ðə kənˈspɪrətərz/
Line 2
The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.
Line 3
The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.
Line 4
Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.
Line 5
Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Anglican noun US /ˈæŋɡləkən/

a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism

From this reading “The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.”

conspirators noun US /kənˈspɪrətərz/

plural of “conspirator” — a member of a conspiracy

From this reading “his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.”

conversations noun US /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading “Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.”

cooperation noun US /koʊˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

joint operation or action

From this reading “Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.”

delicately adverb US /ˈdeləkətli/

in a delicate manner

From this reading “Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.”

eminence noun US /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading “Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.”

guardian noun US /ˈɡɑːrdiən/

a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.”

hopelessness noun US /ˈhoʊpləsnəs/

the despair you feel when you have abandoned hope of comfort or success

From this reading “his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

absentadjectiveUS /ˈæbsənt/

not being in a specified place

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

AnglicannounUS /ˈæŋɡləkən/

a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

cardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

conspiratorsnounUS /kənˈspɪrətərz/

plural of “conspirator” — a member of a conspiracy

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

conversationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

cooperationnounUS /koʊˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

joint operation or action

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

delicatelyadverbUS /ˈdeləkətli/

in a delicate manner

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

eminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

guardiannounUS /ˈɡɑːrdiən/

a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

honornounUS /ˈɑːnər/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

hopelessnessnounUS /ˈhoʊpləsnəs/

the despair you feel when you have abandoned hope of comfort or success

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

kind-heartedadjective

having or proceeding from an innately kind disposition

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

Lothair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The cardinal had been absent from Rome during the greater portion of the residence of Lothair in that city.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading Lothair remembered how delicately his former guardian had always treated the subject of religion in their conversations.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

utterverbUS /ˈʌtər/

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading his utter hopelessness, made a distinction between the cardinal and the conspirators.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Lothair explained the apparent and occasional cooperation of his eminence with the others, by their making use of him without a due consciousness of their purpose on his part.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The cardinal was his father’s friend, an English gentleman, with an English education, once an Anglican, a man of the world, a man of honor, a good, kind-hearted man.

Chapter 31 of Lothair by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Lothair contain?

Chapter 31 holds 142 sentences of Lothair, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Lothair by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Lothair?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lothair

Common questions about reading Lothair by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lothair?

Yes. All 7341 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7835 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lothair is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7835, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lothair take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1469 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lothair section by section

How to work through Lothair section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Lothair to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lothair

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lothair, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lothair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lothair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lothair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lothair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.