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Louisa of Prussia and Her Times
Louisa of Prussia and Her Times

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THUGUT’S FALL.
Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.
Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.
He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.
He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Louisa of Prussia and Her Times

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THUGUT’S FALL.
Line 2
Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.
Line 3
Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.
Line 4
He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.
Line 5
He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.
/hiː wɑːz ˈsɪtɪŋ æt hɪz desk wɪð ə ˈklaʊdɪd braʊ ənd ˈkloʊsli kəmˈprest lɪps hɪz ˈsʌlən aɪz fɪkst ɑːn ðə ˈpeɪpərz bɪˈfɔːr hɪm wɪtʃ ə ˈkɜːriər dʒʌst ərˈaɪvd frʌm ðə ˈhedkwɔːrtərz ʌv ðə ˈɑːrmi hæd dɪˈlɪvərd tuː hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Archduke noun US /ˈɑːrtʃduːk/

a sovereign prince of the former ruling house of Austria

From this reading “Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.”

Austrians noun US /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading “Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.”

calamities noun US /kəˈlæmətiz/

plural of “calamity” — an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading “Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.”

compressed adjective US /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading “He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.”

defeats noun US /dɪˈfiːts/

plural of “defeat” — an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.”

disasters noun US /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading “Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.”

immovable noun US /ˌɪˈmuːvəbəl/

property consisting of houses and land

From this reading “Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.”

spiteful adjective US /ˈspaɪtfəl/

showing malicious ill will and a desire to hurt; motivated by spite

From this reading “Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1800

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

3rd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

alarmedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmd/

experiencing a sudden sense of danger

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

angernounUS /ˈæŋɡər/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

ArchdukenounUS /ˈɑːrtʃduːk/

a sovereign prince of the former ruling house of Austria

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

AustriansnounUS /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

befallenverbUS /bəˈfɑːlən/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

calamitiesnounUS /kəˈlæmətiz/

plural of “calamity” — an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

cloudedadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdɪd/

made troubled or apprehensive or distressed in appearance

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

compressedadjectiveUS /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

couriernounUS /ˈkɜːriər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

defeatsnounUS /dɪˈfiːts/

plural of “defeat” — an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

deliveredverbUS /dɪˈlɪvərd/

past form of “deliver” — deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

desknounUS /desk/

a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

disastersnounUS /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

FALLverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading THUGUT’S FALL.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

headquartersnounUS /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

Hohenlindennoun

a town in Bavaria (near Munich)

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

humornounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

immovablenounUS /ˌɪˈmuːvəbəl/

property consisting of houses and land

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

maddenedadjective

marked by extreme anger

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

Marengonoun

a battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

Moreau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

primeadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

spitefuladjectiveUS /ˈspaɪtfəl/

showing malicious ill will and a desire to hurt; motivated by spite

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

sullenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌlən/

showing a brooding ill humor

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

Thugut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

THUGUT'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THUGUT’S FALL.

TidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was sitting at his desk, with a clouded brow and closely compressed lips, his sullen eyes fixed on the papers before him, which a courier, just arrived from the headquarters of the army, had delivered to him.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

ViennanounUS /viˈenə/

the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Even Thugut, the immovable and constant prime minister, felt alarmed at so many calamities, and he was generally in a gloomy and spiteful humor.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Tidings of fresh defeats had reached Vienna; more disasters had befallen the army, and the great victory of Marengo had been followed, on the 3rd of December, 1800, by the battle of Hohenlinden, in which Moreau defeated the Austrians under Archduke John.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He felt that there was a power stronger than his will, and this feeling maddened him with anger.

Chapter 23 of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times by L. (Luise) Mühlbach holds 368 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times contain?

Chapter 23 holds 368 sentences of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times by L. (Luise) Mühlbach exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 368 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Louisa of Prussia and Her Times

Common questions about reading Louisa of Prussia and Her Times by L. (Luise) Mühlbach on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times?

Yes. All 10917 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3693 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3693, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Louisa of Prussia and Her Times take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2184 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Louisa of Prussia and Her Times section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Louisa of Prussia and Her Times

Words and structures a reader meets early in Louisa of Prussia and Her Times, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Minister
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thugut
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prime
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Baron
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Louisa of Prussia and Her Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.