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Love and liberty
Love and liberty

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Love and liberty is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
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HOW THEY SET OUT.
This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.
They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.
On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.
The departure was postponed until the 15th following.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Love and liberty

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Love and liberty is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW THEY SET OUT.
Line 2
This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.
/ðɪs wɑːz ðə θɜːrd ɔːr fɔːrθ taɪm ðæt ðə deɪt ʌv dɪˈpɑːrtʃər hæd bɪn ˈɔːltərd/
Line 3
They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.
Line 4
On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.
Line 5
The departure was postponed until the 15th following.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austrians noun US /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading “On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.”

Dauphin noun US /ˈdaʊfɪn/

formerly, the eldest son of the King of France and direct heir to the throne

From this reading “They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.”

frontier noun US /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading “On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.”

imprudent adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːdənt/

not prudent or wise

From this reading “They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.”

Lafayette noun US /ˌlɑːfiˈet/

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

From this reading “They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.”

leagues noun US /liːɡz/

plural of “league” — an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading “On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.”

postponed verb US /poʊstˈpoʊnd/

past form of “postpone” — hold back to a later time

From this reading “The departure was postponed until the 15th following.”

posts noun US /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading “On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

postponed until verb + particle counted as “postpone until”

In this reading “The departure was postponed until the 15th following.”

SET OUT verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “HOW THEY SET OUT.”

two leagues noun + noun counted as “two league”

In this reading “On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.”

fourth time noun + noun

In this reading “This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.”

on duty preposition + noun

In this reading “They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

12th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

13th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

15th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The departure was postponed until the 15th following.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

aide-de-campnoun

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

AustriansnounUS /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

DauphinnounUS /ˈdaʊfɪn/

formerly, the eldest son of the King of France and direct heir to the throne

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

departverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrt/

move away from a place into another direction

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

femme-de-chambre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The departure was postponed until the 15th following.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

Gouvion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW THEY SET OUT.

imprudentadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːdənt/

not prudent or wise

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

LafayettenounUS /ˌlɑːfiˈet/

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

leaguesnounUS /liːɡz/

plural of “league” — an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

Montmedy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

occupyverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

OUTadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading HOW THEY SET OUT.

postponedverbUS /poʊstˈpoʊnd/

past form of “postpone” — hold back to a later time

From this reading The departure was postponed until the 15th following.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

Rochereul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

SETverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading HOW THEY SET OUT.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

THEYpronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading HOW THEY SET OUT.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On the 13th of June, the Austrians began to advance on the French frontier, and to occupy posts two leagues from Montmedy.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The departure was postponed until the 15th following.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was the third or fourth time that the date of departure had been altered.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They had determined to depart on the 11th, but having refused to take Madame de Rochereul, _femme-de-chambre_ to the Dauphin, and mistress of M. de Gouvion, aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and who was now on duty till the 12th, they thought that it was imprudent to depart on that day.

Chapter 18 of Love and liberty by Alexandre Dumas holds 377 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Love and liberty contain?

Chapter 18 holds 377 sentences of Love and liberty, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Love and liberty by Alexandre Dumas exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 377 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Love and liberty?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Vocabulary met early in Love and liberty

Words and structures a reader meets early in Love and liberty, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.