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Love and liberty
Love and liberty

Chapter XXXVII

Chapter 37 of Love and liberty is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
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MARIE ANTOINETTE.
The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.
He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.
The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.
His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Love and liberty

Chapter XXXVII

Chapter 37 of Love and liberty is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MARIE ANTOINETTE.
Line 2
The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.
Line 3
He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.
Line 4
The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.
Line 5
His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.
/hɪz hed wɑːz pleɪst ɪn æn ɜːrn ənd hʌŋ ɪn ðə ˈsentər ʌv ðə kənˈvenʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Convention noun US /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading “The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.”

countless adjective US /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading “The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.”

historical adjective US /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading “He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.”

idol noun US /ˈaɪdəl/

a material effigy that is worshipped

From this reading “The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.”

inflammatory adjective US /ɪnˈflæmətɔːri/

characterized or caused by inflammation

From this reading “The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.”

laden adjective US /ˈleɪdən/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading “The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.”

ordained adjective US /ɔːrˈdeɪnd/

fixed or established especially by order or command

From this reading “The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.”

urn noun US /ɜːrn/

a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet

From this reading “His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

heavily laden adverb + adjective

In this reading “The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.”

in the centre preposition + article + noun counted as “in … centre”

In this reading “His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.”

hung in verb + particle counted as “hang in”

be persistent, refuse to stop

In this reading “His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

ANTOINETTE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MARIE ANTOINETTE.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

brilliantly-illuminated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.

ConventionnounUS /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

corpsenounUS /kɔːrps/

the dead body of a human being

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

Cæsar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

funeralnounUS /ˈfjuːnərəl/

a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.

idolnounUS /ˈaɪdəl/

a material effigy that is worshipped

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

inflammatoryadjectiveUS /ɪnˈflæmətɔːri/

characterized or caused by inflammation

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

ladenadjectiveUS /ˈleɪdən/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

lampsnounUS /læmps/

plural of “lamp” — an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

Maratnoun

French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

MARIE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MARIE ANTOINETTE.

modelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

ordainedadjectiveUS /ɔːrˈdeɪnd/

fixed or established especially by order or command

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

speechesnounUS /ˈspiːtʃəz/

plural of “speech” — the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

torchlightnoun

light from a torch or torches

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

urnnounUS /ɜːrn/

a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet

From this reading His head was placed in an urn, and hung in the centre of the Convention.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was called Cæsar, and his funeral was modelled upon the historical narrative of that given by Rome to the great Julius.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The body was carried by torchlight to the garden of the house in which he made his most inflammatory speeches; and there he was buried under trees heavily laden with countless brilliantly-illuminated paper lamps.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading The Convention ordained the _worship_ of Marat, and cast his corpse to the people as an idol.

Chapter 37 of Love and liberty by Alexandre Dumas holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 37 of Love and liberty contain?

Chapter 37 holds 68 sentences of Love and liberty, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 37 of Love and liberty by Alexandre Dumas exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 37 of Love and liberty?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 37 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 37 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Love and liberty

Common questions about reading Love and liberty by Alexandre Dumas on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Love and liberty?

Yes. All 7022 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73772 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Love and liberty is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73772, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Love and liberty take to read?

About 585 minutes of reading across 1405 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Love and liberty section by section

How to work through Love and liberty section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Love and liberty

Words and structures a reader meets early in Love and liberty, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Love and liberty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.