Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Lucian's True History
Lucian's True History

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Lucian's True History is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lucian's True History
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.
With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.
He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.
He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.
His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lucian's True History

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Lucian's True History is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.
Line 2
With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.
Line 3
He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.
Line 4
He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.
Line 5
His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ancients noun US /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading “(Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.”

complexity noun US /kəmˈpleksəti/

the quality of being intricate and compounded

From this reading “With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.”

debased adjective US /dəˈbeɪst/

mixed with impurities

From this reading “With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.”

moderns noun US /ˈmɑːdərnz/

plural of “modern” — a contemporary person

From this reading “(Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.”

naturalist noun US /ˈnætʃərələst/

an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading “He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.”

pedantic adjective US /pəˈdæntɪk/

marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects

From this reading “He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.”

skein noun US /skeɪn/

coils of worsted yarn

From this reading “His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.”

unravel verb US /ənˈrævəl/

become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of

From this reading “His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Originally published adverb + adjective

In this reading “(Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.”

in truth preposition + noun

in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)

In this reading “(Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1894

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

abstractionnounUS /æbˈstrækʃən/

a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

ancientsnounUS /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

blindedadjectiveUS /ˈblaɪndɪd/

deprived of sight

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

commonplaceadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

completely ordinary and unremarkable

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

complexitynounUS /kəmˈpleksəti/

the quality of being intricate and compounded

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

debasedadjectiveUS /dəˈbeɪst/

mixed with impurities

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

factornounUS /ˈfæktər/

anything that contributes causally to a result

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

follynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

Lucian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

Lucian's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

modernsnounUS /ˈmɑːdərnz/

plural of “modern” — a contemporary person

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

naturalistnounUS /ˈnætʃərələst/

an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

note-book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

OriginallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

pedanticadjectiveUS /pəˈdæntɪk/

marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

Petroniusnoun

Roman satirist (died in 66)

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

pitilessadjectiveUS /ˈpɪtiləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

replacedverbUS /ˌriːˈpleɪst/

past form of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

respectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪd/

receiving deferential regard

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

severelyadverbUS /səˈvɪrli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

sharedadjectiveUS /ʃerd/

have in common; held or experienced in common

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

skeinnounUS /skeɪn/

coils of worsted yarn

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

tangledadjectiveUS /ˈtæŋɡəld/

in a confused mass

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

unravelverbUS /ənˈrævəl/

become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

vanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

wearsnounUS /werz/

plural of “wear” — impairment resulting from long use

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His personages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless determination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading (Originally published with the Greek text in 1894.) It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day--that to the seeing eye the individual is more wonderful in colour and complexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of mankind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity.

Chapter 1 of Lucian's True History by of Samosata Lucian holds 444 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Lucian's True History contain?

Chapter 1 holds 444 sentences of Lucian's True History, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Lucian's True History by of Samosata Lucian exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 444 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Lucian's True History?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lucian's True History

Common questions about reading Lucian's True History by of Samosata Lucian on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lucian's True History?

Yes. All 444 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45858 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lucian's True History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45858, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lucian's True History take to read?

About 37 minutes of reading across 89 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lucian's True History section by section

How to work through Lucian's True History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Lucian's True History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lucian's True History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lucian's True History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Originally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lucian's True History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lucian's True History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Greek
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lucian's True History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Commonplace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lucian's True History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.