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Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature
Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.
The elder of the two was twenty-seven.
The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.
His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.
The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.
Line 2
The elder of the two was twenty-seven.
Line 3
The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.
/ðə ɪkˈspreʃən ʌv hɪz feɪs wɑːz proʊˈfaʊndli ˈsɪriəs hɪz ˈmænər ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈsɑːləm hiː wɑːz nɑːt ənˈlaɪk ə jʌŋ ˈmeθədəst ˈpɑːrsən ənd hæd ə məˈnɑːtənəs ənd fəˈtiːɡɪŋ vɔɪs/
Line 4
His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.
/hɪz kəmˈpænjən huː wɑːz ə jɪr ɔːr tuː ˈjʌŋɡər ənd huːz wɜːrdz əˈkʌmpənid baɪ mʌtʃ ˈvaɪələnt ˈdʒestʃər floʊd ɪn æn ənˈsiːsɪŋ striːm hæd ə lɑːrdʒ raʊnd hed ðə ʃeɪp ʌv wɪtʃ ˈɪndəkeɪtəd rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl ɡɪfts ˈflætfɪʃ ˈfiːtʃərz ənd diːp ˈheɪzəl aɪz æz fʊl ʌv kənˈfjuːzd dɪˈpreʃən æz ʌv ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən/
Line 5
The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beginnings noun US /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

discussions noun US /dɪˈskʌʃənz/

plural of “discussion” — an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

fatiguing verb US /fəˈtiːɡɪŋ/

-ing form of “fatigue” — lose interest or become bored with something or somebody

From this reading “The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.”

flabby adjective US /ˈflæbi/

out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance

From this reading “The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.”

flatfish noun US /ˈflætfɪʃ/

sweet lean whitish flesh of any of numerous thin-bodied fish; usually served as thin fillets

From this reading “His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.”

Methodist adjective US /ˈmeθədəst/

of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of Protestantism adhering to the views of Wesley

From this reading “The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.”

naturalism noun US /ˈnætʃərəlɪzəm/

(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations

From this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

unceasing adjective US /ənˈsiːsɪŋ/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading “His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

frequent occurrence verb + noun

In this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

violent gesture adjective + noun

In this reading “His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.”

hazel eyes adjective + noun

In this reading “His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.”

During the summer preposition + article + noun counted as “during … summer”

In this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

lately taken adverb + adjective

In this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

on the subject preposition + article + noun counted as “on … subject”

In this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

on the coast preposition + article + noun counted as “on … coast”

In this reading “IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1797

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

BEGINNINGSnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

confusedadjectiveUS /kənˈfjuːzd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

depressionnounUS /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

dignifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd/

having or expressing dignity; especially formality or stateliness in bearing or appearance

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

discussionsnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃənz/

plural of “discussion” — an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading The elder of the two was twenty-seven.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

fatiguingverbUS /fəˈtiːɡɪŋ/

-ing form of “fatigue” — lose interest or become bored with something or somebody

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

flabbyadjectiveUS /ˈflæbi/

out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

flatfishnounUS /ˈflætfɪʃ/

sweet lean whitish flesh of any of numerous thin-bodied fish; usually served as thin fillets

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

gesturenounUS /ˈdʒestʃər/

motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

giftsnounUS /ɡɪfts/

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

hazeladjectiveUS /ˈheɪzəl/

of a light brown or yellowish brown color

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

inspirationnounUS /ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən/

arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

irresoluteadjective

uncertain how to act or proceed

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

MethodistadjectiveUS /ˈmeθədəst/

of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of Protestantism adhering to the views of Wesley

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

monotonousadjectiveUS /məˈnɑːtənəs/

tediously repetitious or lacking in variety

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

NATURALISMnounUS /ˈnætʃərəlɪzəm/

(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

occurrencenounUS /əˈkɜːrəns/

an event that happens

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

parsonnounUS /ˈpɑːrsən/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

profoundlyadverbUS /proʊˈfaʊndli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

Somersetshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

twenty-sevennoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-six and one

From this reading The elder of the two was twenty-seven.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

unceasingadjectiveUS /ənˈsiːsɪŋ/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

unintelligibleadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪnˈtelədʒəbəl/

poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading The expression of his face was profoundly serious, his manner dignified, almost solemn; he was not unlike a young Methodist parson, and had a monotonous and fatiguing voice.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The elder of the two was twenty-seven.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The whole figure and air might be called flabby and irresolute, expressive of weakness with a curious possibility of strength.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading IV THE BEGINNINGS OF NATURALISM During the summer of 1797, the talk of the inhabitants of a village on the coast of Somersetshire ran much on the subject of two young men who had lately taken up their residence there, and were daily to be seen walking together, absorbed in eager, endless discussions, in which foreign words and foreign names, unintelligible to the natives, were of frequent occurrence.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading His companion, who was a year or two younger, and whose words, accompanied by much violent gesture, flowed in an unceasing stream, had a large round head (the shape of which indicated remarkable gifts), flatfish features, and deep hazel eyes, as full of confused depression as of inspiration.

Chapter 2 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature contain?

Chapter 2 holds 414 sentences of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47892, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 447 minutes of reading across 1075 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spirit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dwelt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Within
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.