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Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature
Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is here in full — 363 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
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In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.
But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.
In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.
It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.
One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is here in full — 363 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.
Line 2
But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.
/bʌt hiː hæd æz ɡreɪt ə kənˈtempt fɔːr ðer ˈlɪtərətʃər æz fɔːr ðer ˈpɑːlətɪks ənd dɪˈspaɪzd voʊlˈter ðə ˈɔːθər kwaɪt æz mʌtʃ æz voʊlˈter ðə mæn/
Line 3
In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.
Line 4
It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.
Line 5
One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admirer noun US /ædˈmaɪrər/

a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading “One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.”

characteristically adverb US /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪkli/

in characteristic manner

From this reading “In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.”

inherent adjective US /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.”

Lessing noun US /ˈlesɪŋ/

German playwright and leader of the Enlightenment (1729-1781)

From this reading “In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.”

severer adjective US /ˈsevɪrər/

comparative of “severe” — intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading “In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.”

stylistic adjective US /staɪˈlɪstɪk/

of or relating to style (especially in the use of language)

From this reading “In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.”

supporter noun US /səˈpɔːrtər/

a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading “One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.”

Voltaire noun US /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading “But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

enthusiastic admirer adjective + noun

In this reading “One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

Abbé

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

admirernounUS /ædˈmaɪrər/

a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

appreciationnounUS /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

capacitynounUS /kəˈpæsəti/

capability to perform or produce

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

characteristicallyadverbUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪkli/

in characteristic manner

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

comicaladjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmɪkəl/

arousing or provoking laughter

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

ConversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

criticnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪk/

a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

Delille

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

despisedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspaɪzd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

despiser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

dislikedadjectiveUS /dɪˈslaɪkt/

regarded with aversion

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

enthusiasticadjectiveUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

FrenchmennounUS /ˈfrentʃmen/

plural of “frenchman” — a person of French nationality

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

handlingnounUS /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

heartilyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrtəli/

with gusto and without reservation

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

insolencenounUS /ˈɪnsələns/

the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

Landor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

LessingnounUS /ˈlesɪŋ/

German playwright and leader of the Enlightenment (1729-1781)

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

MiltonnounUS /ˈmɪltən/

English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

needsadverbUS /niːdz/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

polishedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/

perfected or made shiny and smooth

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

pronouncedadjectiveUS /prəˈnaʊnst/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

reproaching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

satirenounUS /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

severeradjectiveUS /ˈsevɪrər/

comparative of “severe” — intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

strikesnounUS /straɪks/

plural of “strike” — a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

stylisticadjectiveUS /staɪˈlɪstɪk/

of or relating to style (especially in the use of language)

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

supporternounUS /səˈpɔːrtər/

a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading In the Conversation between himself and the Abbé Delille he uses, as a critic of French tragedy, even severer language than Lessing, and shows no more appreciation than Lessing did of the great stylistic capacity inherent in the characteristically French intellect.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

VoltairenounUS /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading But he had as great a contempt for their literature as for their politics, and despised Voltaire, the author, quite as much as Voltaire, the man.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the handling of the weapons of satire, Landor might have learned much from the Frenchmen whom he disliked so heartily.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It strikes us as comical to hear one man reproaching another with the utmost insolence for being too polished.

WordsworthnounUS /ˈwɜːrdzwərθ/

a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)

From this reading One hardly needs to be told that a man with this opinion of French classic poetry was a despiser of Pope, an enthusiastic admirer of Milton, and a pronounced supporter of the reform of English poetry demanded by Wordsworth.

Chapter 8 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes holds 363 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature contain?

Chapter 8 holds 363 sentences of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 363 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature?

Yes. All 5373 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47892 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47892, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature take to read?

About 447 minutes of reading across 1075 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spirit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dwelt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Within
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.