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Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature
Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is here in full — 392 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
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Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.
He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.
We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."
Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.
The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is here in full — 392 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.
/ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli ˈæftər hɪz fɜːrst ˈmerɪdʒ ˈʃeli bɪˈɡæn tuː pleɪ ðə pɑːrt ʌv ə pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈædʒəteɪtər/
Line 2
He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.
Line 3
We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."
/wiː ɡeɪn sʌm aɪˈdiːə ʌv ðə ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ ˈspɪrət ɪn wɪtʃ boʊθ hiː ənd hɪz jʌŋ waɪf rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd ðə ˈmætər frʌm ˈriːdɪŋ ðæt wʌn deɪ wen ðeɪ wɜːr ˈwɔːkɪŋ təˈɡeðər hiː kʊd nɑːt rɪˈzɪst əˈmjuːzɪŋ hɪmˈself baɪ ˈpɑːpɪŋ ðə ˈædres ˈɪntuː ðə hʊd ʌv ə ˈleɪdiz kloʊk ə pərˈfɔːrməns wɪtʃ meɪd hɪz waɪf æz ʃiː hərˈself raɪts ˈɔːlmoʊst daɪ ʌv ˈlæfɪŋ/
Line 4
Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.
Line 5
The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.
/ðə əˈkaʊnts ʌv hɪz ˈel.ə.kwəns ˈɡɪvən baɪ kənˈtempəreriz ɑːr soʊ ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk ðæt ðeɪ maɪt ˈɔːlmoʊst led ʌs tuː bɪˈliːv hɪm tuː hæv bɪn ˈiːvɪn ˈɡreɪtər æz æn ˈɔːrətər ðæn æz ə ˈpoʊət/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agitator noun US /ˈædʒəteɪtər/

one who agitates; a political troublemaker

From this reading “Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.”

celebrities noun US /səˈlebrɪtiz/

plural of “celebrity” — a widely known person

From this reading “Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.”

contemporaries noun US /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.”

emancipation noun US /ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən/

freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child

From this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

juvenile adjective US /ˈdʒuːvənəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or appropriate for children or young people

From this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

passers-by noun US /ˈpæsərzbaɪ/

plural of “passer-by” — a person who passes by casually or by chance

From this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

popping noun US /ˈpɑːpɪŋ/

a sharp explosive sound as from a gunshot or drawing a cork

From this reading “We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."”

responsive adjective US /rɪˈspɑːnsɪv/

containing or using responses; alternating

From this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

refrain from verb + particle

In this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

political meetings adjective + noun counted as “political meeting”

In this reading “Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

play the part verb + article + noun counted as “play … part”

In this reading “Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.”

throw down verb + adjective

In this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

young wife adjective + noun

In this reading “We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."”

copies of verb + particle counted as “copy of”

In this reading “He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.”

in the presence preposition + article + noun counted as “in … presence”

In this reading “Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

agitatornounUS /ˈædʒəteɪtər/

one who agitates; a political troublemaker

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

balconynounUS /ˈbælkəni/

an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

besought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

celebritiesnounUS /səˈlebrɪtiz/

plural of “celebrity” — a widely known person

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

childishadjectiveUS /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/

indicating a lack of maturity

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

cloaknounUS /kloʊk/

anything that covers or conceals

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

copiesnounUS /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

deedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

DublinnounUS /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

eloquencenounUS /ˈel.ə.kwəns/

Fluent, persuasive, and graceful speaking or writing. (Sự hùng biện, tài ăn nói lưu loát.)

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

emancipationnounUS /ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən/

freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

enthusiasticadjectiveUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

hoodnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

hotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

ImmediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

juvenileadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːvənəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or appropriate for children or young people

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

meetingsnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋz/

plural of “meeting” — a formally arranged gathering

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

O'Connell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

oratornounUS /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

passers-bynounUS /ˈpæsərzbaɪ/

plural of “passer-by” — a person who passes by casually or by chance

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

poppingnounUS /ˈpɑːpɪŋ/

a sharp explosive sound as from a gunshot or drawing a cork

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

refrainverbUS /rɪˈfreɪn/

resist doing something

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

resistverbUS /rɪˈzɪst/

elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

responsiveadjectiveUS /rɪˈspɑːnsɪv/

containing or using responses; alternating

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

ShelleynounUS /ˈʃeli/

English writer who created Frankenstein's monster and married Percy Bysshe Shelley (1797-1851)

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

stainedadjectiveUS /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Shelley attended several political meetings, and on one occasion spoke for more than an hour in the presence of O'Connell and other celebrities.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Immediately after his first marriage Shelley began to play the part of a political agitator.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The accounts of his eloquence given by contemporaries are so enthusiastic that they might almost lead us to believe him to have been even greater as an orator than as a poet.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading He went to Dublin to further the cause of Catholic emancipation, wrote a very juvenile address to the Irish people, in which he besought them to refrain from the violent deeds with which the French Revolution had been stained, and was childish enough to throw down copies of it from the balcony of his hotel, in front of any of the passers-by who looked as if they might be responsive.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading We gain some idea of the childish spirit in which both he and his young wife regarded the matter, from reading that, one day when they were walking together, he could not resist amusing himself by popping the address into the hood of a lady's cloak, a performance which made his wife, as she herself writes, "almost die of laughing."

Chapter 9 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes holds 392 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature contain?

Chapter 9 holds 392 sentences of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 392 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Common questions about reading Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature by Georg Brandes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 5373 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47892 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47892, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 447 minutes of reading across 1075 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spirit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dwelt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Within
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.