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Making Over Martha
Making Over Martha

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Making Over Martha is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Making Over Martha
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.
About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.
This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.
"’Tain’t a garment at all, Sam.
It’s a motta."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Making Over Martha

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Making Over Martha is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.
Line 2
About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.
/əˈbaʊt hɜːr ˈbɪloʊd jɑːrdz əˈpɑːn jɑːrdz ʌv waɪt ˈkɑːtən klɔːθ wɪtʃ ɪn ɪts ˌʌnˈkʌt leŋkθ ˈʃɪftɪd æz ʃiː wɜːrkt ˈɔːlmoʊst ˌɪmpərˈseptɪbli ˈpaɪlɪŋ ʌp ə ˈsnoʊi drɪft ɪn frʌnt ʌv hɜːr drɔːn frʌm ðə ˈsnoʊi drɪft bɪˈhaɪnd/
Line 3
This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.
/ðɪs ˈɡrædʒuːəl eb ənd floʊ wɑːz ɔːl ðæt mɑːrkt ˈeni ˈprɑːɡres ɪn hɜːr ˈleɪbər ənd hɜːr ˈhʌzbənd ˈkʌmɪŋ ɪn ˈæftər sʌm ˈaʊərz ʌv ˈæbsəns ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋ hɜːr əˈperəntli prɪˈsaɪsli wer hiː hæd left hɜːr wɑːz muːvd tuː æsk wʌt ˈmænər ʌv ˈɡɑːrmənt ʃiː wɑːz ˈmeɪkɪŋ/
Line 4
"’Tain’t a garment at all, Sam.
Line 5
It’s a motta."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

billowed verb US /ˈbɪloʊd/

past form of “billow” — rise up as if in waves

From this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

ebb verb US /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading “This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.”

gradual adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading “This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.”

imperceptibly adverb US /ˌɪmpərˈseptɪbli/

in an imperceptible manner or to an imperceptible degree

From this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

piling noun US /ˈpaɪlɪŋ/

a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

snowy adjective US /ˈsnoʊi/

marked by the presence of snow

From this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

stitching noun US /ˈstɪtʃɪŋ/

joining or attaching by stitches

From this reading “Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.”

uncut adjective US /ˌʌnˈkʌt/

not trimmed

From this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cotton cloth noun + noun

In this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

white cotton noun + noun

In this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.”

some hours adjective + noun

In this reading “This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

billowedverbUS /ˈbɪloʊd/

past form of “billow” — rise up as if in waves

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

driftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

garmentnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənt/

an article of clothing

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

imperceptiblyadverbUS /ˌɪmpərˈseptɪbli/

in an imperceptible manner or to an imperceptible degree

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

It's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It’s a motta."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

Martha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

motta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It’s a motta."

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

pilingnounUS /ˈpaɪlɪŋ/

a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

preciselyadverbUS /prɪˈsaɪsli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

SamnounUS /sæm/

a guided missile fired from land or shipboard against an airborne target

From this reading "’Tain’t a garment at all, Sam.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

sewing-machine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

shiftedverbUS /ˈʃɪftɪd/

past form of “shift” — make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

Slawson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

snowyadjectiveUS /ˈsnoʊi/

marked by the presence of snow

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

stitchingnounUS /ˈstɪtʃɪŋ/

joining or attaching by stitches

From this reading Martha Slawson sat at her sewing-machine, stitching away for dear life.

Tain't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "’Tain’t a garment at all, Sam.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

uncutadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkʌt/

not trimmed

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading This gradual ebb and flow was all that marked any progress in her labor, and her husband, coming in after some hours of absence and finding her, apparently, precisely where he had left her, was moved to ask what manner of garment she was making.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading About her, billowed yards upon yards of white cotton cloth, which, in its uncut length, shifted, as she worked, almost imperceptibly piling up a snowy drift in front of her, drawn from the snowy drift behind.

Chapter 1 of Making Over Martha by Julie M. Lippmann holds 416 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Making Over Martha contain?

Chapter 1 holds 416 sentences of Making Over Martha, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Making Over Martha by Julie M. Lippmann exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 416 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Making Over Martha?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Making Over Martha

Common questions about reading Making Over Martha by Julie M. Lippmann on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Making Over Martha?

Yes. All 5806 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52668 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Making Over Martha is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52668, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Making Over Martha take to read?

About 483 minutes of reading across 1162 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Making Over Martha section by section

How to work through Making Over Martha section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Making Over Martha to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Making Over Martha

Words and structures a reader meets early in Making Over Martha, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martha
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Making Over Martha; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slawson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Making Over Martha; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sewing-machine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Making Over Martha; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stitching
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Making Over Martha; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.