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Marching on Niagara
Marching on Niagara

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Marching on Niagara is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.
Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.
The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.
To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.
This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Marching on Niagara

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Marching on Niagara is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.
/ə nuː kæmˈpeɪn æz ɔːlˈredi toʊld əˈferz ɪn ðə ˈkɑːləniz lʊkt bluː ˌɪnˈdiːd ənd sʌm ˈhɑːrdi ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz huː hæd rɪskt ðer ɔːl ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðer hoʊmz ɪn ðɪs nuː ˈkʌntri wɜːr əˈfreɪd ðæt er lɔːŋ ðeɪ wʊd biː fɔːrst tuː ˈiːðər ɡɪv ɪn tuː ðə ˈɪndiənz ɔːr kʌm ˈʌndər frentʃ ruːl/
Line 2
Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.
Line 3
The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.
Line 4
To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.
/tuː æd tuː ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ əˈlɑːrm ðə wɔːr ɪn ˈjʊrəp ˈɔːlsoʊ tʊk ə tɜːrn ɪn ˈfeɪvər ʌv ðə frentʃ/
Line 5
This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

campaigns noun US /kæmˈpeɪnz/

plural of “campaign” — a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

ministry noun US /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading “This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.”

neutral adjective US /ˈnuːtrəl/

having no personal preference

From this reading “The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.”

Niagara noun US /naɪˈæɡrə/

waterfall in Canada is the Horseshoe Falls; in the United States it is the American Falls

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

protests noun US /ˈproʊtests/

plural of “protest” — a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading “This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.”

risked verb US /rɪskt/

past form of “risk” — expose to a chance of loss or damage

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Ticonderoga noun US /taɪˌkɑːndərˈoʊɡə/

a pitched battle in which American revolutionary troops captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

remain neutral verb + adjective

In this reading “The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.”

most powerful adverb + adjective

In this reading “The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.”

ever known adverb + adjective

In this reading “The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.”

long chain adjective + noun

(chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a molecule

In this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

new country adjective + noun

In this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

favor of verb + particle

In this reading “To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.”

in the colonies preposition + article + noun counted as “in … colony”

In this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

in making preposition + noun

In this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

alarmnounUS /əˈlɑːrm/

fear resulting from the awareness of danger

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

CAMPAIGNnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

campaignsnounUS /kæmˈpeɪnz/

plural of “campaign” — a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

coloniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

CrownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

favorverbUS /ˈfeɪvər/

promote over another

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

Frontenac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Louisburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

ministrynounUS /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

MississippinounUS /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

NationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

neutraladjectiveUS /ˈnuːtrəl/

having no personal preference

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

NiagaranounUS /naɪˈæɡrə/

waterfall in Canada is the Horseshoe Falls; in the United States it is the American Falls

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

OhionounUS /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

organizationnounUS /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃən/

a group of people who work together

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

Oswego

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

PointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

protestsnounUS /ˈproʊtests/

plural of “protest” — a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

riskedverbUS /rɪskt/

past form of “risk” — expose to a chance of loss or damage

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

SixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

thenceadverbUS /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

TiconderoganounUS /taɪˌkɑːndərˈoʊɡə/

a pitched battle in which American revolutionary troops captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Chapter 18 of Marching on Niagara by Edward Stratemeyer holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Marching on Niagara contain?

Chapter 18 holds 90 sentences of Marching on Niagara, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Marching on Niagara by Edward Stratemeyer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Marching on Niagara?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Marching on Niagara

Common questions about reading Marching on Niagara by Edward Stratemeyer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Marching on Niagara?

Yes. All 3743 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34355 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Marching on Niagara is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34355, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Marching on Niagara take to read?

About 311 minutes of reading across 749 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Marching on Niagara section by section

How to work through Marching on Niagara section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Marching on Niagara

Words and structures a reader meets early in Marching on Niagara, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Marching on Niagara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Marching on Niagara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boys'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Marching on Niagara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Marching on Niagara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.