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Marching on Niagara
Marching on Niagara

Chapter XVIII

Cover illustration for Marching on Niagara
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.
Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.
The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.
To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.
This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Marching on Niagara

Chapter XVIII

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.
Line 2
Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.
Line 3
The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.
Line 4
To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.
Line 5
This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

Brought noun US /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.”

Come noun US /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Ere conjunction US /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Make noun US /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.”

Point noun US /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

Thence adverb US /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading “Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.”

Told noun US /told/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

add

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

affairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

afraid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

aid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

alarm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

also

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

blue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

broughtnounUS /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

CAMPAIGN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

campaigns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

chain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

change

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

colonies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

comenounUS /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

compelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Crown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

destroyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Europe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

favor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

forced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

fort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

fought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

Frontenac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

George

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

give

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

hardy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

homes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

II

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

indeed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Indian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

Indians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Louisburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

masters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

ministry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

Mississippi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

Nations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

neutral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

NEW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Niagara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

Ohio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

organization

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

Oswego

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

pioneers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

PointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

posts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

powerful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

protests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

remain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

risked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

rule

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Six

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

storm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The English fort at Oswego had been destroyed and the French had compelled the Six Nations, the most powerful Indian organization ever known, either to remain neutral or else give them aid.

thenceadverbUS /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

Three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

Ticonderoga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three campaigns had been fought, and still the French were masters, and held Louisburg, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Frontenac, and the long chain of posts from Niagara to the Ohio and thence to the Mississippi.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

toldnounUS /told/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

turn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

war

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To add to English alarm, the war in Europe also took a turn in favor of the French.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This brought a storm of protests upon the English ministry, and George II. was compelled to make a change.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading A NEW CAMPAIGN As already told, affairs in the colonies looked blue indeed, and some hardy pioneers who had risked their all in making their homes in this new country were afraid that ere long they would be forced to either give in to the Indians or come under French rule.