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Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)
Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)
Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.
His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.
The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.
It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.
It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.
/hiː ˈnevər ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə ˈsændwɪtʃ ˈaɪləndz ˈstɔːri wɪtʃ hiː ənd ˈhaʊəlz wɜːr tuː ˈdrɑːmətaɪz ˈleɪtər/
Line 2
His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.
Line 3
The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.
Line 4
It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈkɔːstɪŋ ˈsevrəl ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɑːlərz ə mʌnθ fɔːr kənˈstrʌkʃən ənd bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ə ˈhevi dreɪn ɑːn mɑːrk tweɪnz fɪˈnænsɪz/
Line 5
It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈnesəseri tuː rɪˈkuːpəreɪt ənd ðə æŋˈzaɪəti fɔːr ə ˈprɑːfətəbəl pleɪ ɔːr sʌm ˈʌðər ædˈventʃər ðæt wʊd brɪŋ ə kwɪk ənd ˈdʒenərəs rɪˈtɜːrn ɡruː aʊt ʌv ðɪs niːd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

costing noun US /ˈkɔːstɪŋ/

cost accounting

From this reading “It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.”

drain verb US /dreɪn/

flow off gradually

From this reading “It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.”

dramatize verb US /ˈdrɑːmətaɪz/

put into dramatic form

From this reading “He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.”

factor noun US /ˈfæktər/

anything that contributes causally to a result

From this reading “The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.”

finances noun US /fɪˈnænsɪz/

assets in the form of money

From this reading “It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.”

publishing noun US /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/

the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution

From this reading “His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.”

recuperate verb US /rɪˈkuːpəreɪt/

regain or make up for

From this reading “It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.”

Sandwich noun US /ˈsændwɪtʃ/

two (or more) slices of bread with a filling between them

From this reading “He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

anxietynounUS /æŋˈzaɪəti/

(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

costingnounUS /ˈkɔːstɪŋ/

cost accounting

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

dollarsnounUS /ˈdɑːlərz/

plural of “dollar” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

drainverbUS /dreɪn/

flow off gradually

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

dramatizeverbUS /ˈdrɑːmətaɪz/

put into dramatic form

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

factornounUS /ˈfæktər/

anything that contributes causally to a result

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

financesnounUS /fɪˈnænsɪz/

assets in the form of money

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

HowellsnounUS /ˈhaʊəlz/

United States writer and editor (1837-1920)

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

IslandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

profitableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːfətəbəl/

yielding material gain or profit

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

publishingnounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/

the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

quickadjectiveUS /kwɪk/

accomplished rapidly and without delay

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

reading-tours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

recuperateverbUS /rɪˈkuːpəreɪt/

regain or make up for

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

SandwichnounUS /ˈsændwɪtʃ/

two (or more) slices of bread with a filling between them

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

Twain'snounUS /tweɪnz/

possessive form of “twain” — two items of the same kind

From this reading It was costing several thousand dollars a month for construction and becoming a heavy drain on Mark Twain's finances.

type-setting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The type-setting machine does not appear in the letters of this period, but it was an important factor, nevertheless.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He never finished the Sandwich Islands story which he and Howells were to dramatize later.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His head filled up with other projects, such as publishing plans, reading-tours, and the like.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was necessary to recuperate, and the anxiety for a profitable play, or some other adventure that would bring a quick and generous return, grew out of this need.

Chapter 21 of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) by Mark Twain holds 368 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) contain?

Chapter 21 holds 368 sentences of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910), unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 368 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)

Common questions about reading Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)?

Yes. All 14985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3199 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3199, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2997 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) section by section

How to work through Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Twain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nowhere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Complete (1853-1910); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.