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Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)
Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This present house is modern.
It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.
The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.
One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.
Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This present house is modern.
/ðɪs ˈprezənt haʊs ɪz ˈmɑːdərn/
Line 2
It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt mʌtʃ mɔːr ðæn tuː ˈsentʃəriz oʊld bʌt pɑːrts ʌv ɪt ənd ˈɔːlsoʊ ɪts faʊnˈdeɪʃənz ɑːr ʌv haɪ ænˈtɪkwəti/
Line 3
The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.
Line 4
One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.
Line 5
Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afternoons noun US /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading “Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.”

antiquity noun US /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading “It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.”

carved adjective US /kɑːrvd/

made for or formed by carving (“carven” is archaic or literary)

From this reading “The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.”

centuries noun US /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading “It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.”

Dante noun US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading “One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.”

dated adjective US /ˈdeɪtɪd/

marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past

From this reading “One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.”

foundations noun US /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading “It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.”

portraits noun US /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading “The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1305

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

1343

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

afternoonsnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

Boccaccionoun

Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375)

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

carvedadjectiveUS /kɑːrvd/

made for or formed by carving (“carven” is archaic or literary)

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

DantenounUS /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

datedadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪtɪd/

marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

Decameron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

Fiesole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading This present house is modern.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This present house is modern.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading This present house is modern.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

ovals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading This present house is modern.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This present house is modern.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Another is dated 1343--he could have known Boccaccio and spent his afternoons in Fiesole listening to the Decameron tales.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It is not much more than two centuries old; but parts of it, and also its foundations are of high antiquity.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The fine beautiful family portraits--the great carved ones in the large ovals over the doors of the big hall--carry one well back into the past.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading One of them is dated 1305--he could have known Dante, you see.

Chapter 12 of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) by Mark Twain holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) contain?

Chapter 12 holds 160 sentences of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900), unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)

Common questions about reading Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)?

Yes. All 4330 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3196 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3196, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) take to read?

About 360 minutes of reading across 866 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) section by section

How to work through Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clemens's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mark Twain's Letters — Volume 4 (1886-1900); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.