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Martin Chuzzlewit
Martin Chuzzlewit

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Martin Chuzzlewit is here in full — 451 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Martin Chuzzlewit
Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.
Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.
Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, I always take em out of my pocket before I eat.
My pockets are rather tight.
Ha, ha, ha!’
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Martin Chuzzlewit

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Martin Chuzzlewit is here in full — 451 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.
Line 2
Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.
Line 3
Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always takeem out of my pocket before I eat.
Line 4
My pockets are rather tight.
/maɪ ˈpɑːkəts ɑːr ˈræðər taɪt/
Line 5
Ha, ha, ha!’
/hɑː hɑː hɑː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

lancets noun US /ˈlænsəts/

plural of “lancet” — an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

From this reading “Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.”

leaning adjective US /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading “‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.”

linen noun US /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading “Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.”

medical adjective US /ˈmedəkəl/

relating to the study or practice of medicine

From this reading “Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.”

observation noun US /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading “Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.”

pockets noun US /ˈpɑːkəts/

plural of “pocket” — a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading “My pockets are rather tight.”

pursue verb US /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading “Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.”

tight adjective US /taɪt/

closely constrained or constricted or constricting

From this reading “My pockets are rather tight.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading My pockets are rather tight.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

doctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

emnounUS /em/

a quad with a square body

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

HanounUS /hɑː/

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial point measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing; the right ascension for an observer at a particular location and time of day

From this reading Ha, ha, ha!’

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

Jobling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

Jonas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

lancetsnounUS /ˈlænsəts/

plural of “lancet” — an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

medicaladjectiveUS /ˈmedəkəl/

relating to the study or practice of medicine

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

pocketsnounUS /ˈpɑːkəts/

plural of “pocket” — a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading My pockets are rather tight.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading My pockets are rather tight.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

shirt-frill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading ‘Ah!’ said the doctor, leaning back in his chair, ‘I always take ‘em out of my pocket before I eat.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

tightadjectiveUS /taɪt/

closely constrained or constricted or constricting

From this reading My pockets are rather tight.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Jonas not being in a condition to pursue the subject, took up a case of lancets that was lying on the table, and opened it.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Mr Jobling pulled out his shirt-frill of fine linen, as though he would have said, ‘This is what I call nature in a medical man, sir;’ and looked at Jonas for an observation.

Chapter 31 of Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens holds 451 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Martin Chuzzlewit contain?

Chapter 31 holds 451 sentences of Martin Chuzzlewit, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 451 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Martin Chuzzlewit?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Martin Chuzzlewit

Common questions about reading Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Martin Chuzzlewit?

Yes. All 18057 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #968 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Martin Chuzzlewit is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #968, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Martin Chuzzlewit take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3612 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Martin Chuzzlewit section by section

How to work through Martin Chuzzlewit section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Martin Chuzzlewit

Words and structures a reader meets early in Martin Chuzzlewit, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Exaggeration
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Chuzzlewit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Class
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Chuzzlewit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Minds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Chuzzlewit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perceptions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Chuzzlewit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.