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Martin Eden
Martin Eden

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Martin Eden is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Martin Eden
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.
Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.
That was her total knowledge on the subject.
She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.
Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Martin Eden

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Martin Eden is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.
/mərˈiːə ˈsɪlvə wɑːz puːr ənd ɔːl ðə weɪz ʌv ˈpɑːvərti wɜːr klɪr tuː hɜːr/
Line 2
Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.
Line 3
That was her total knowledge on the subject.
/ðæt wɑːz hɜːr ˈtoʊtəl ˈnɑːlədʒ ɑːn ðə səbˈdʒekt/
Line 4
She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.
/ʃiː nuː ˈmɑːrtən wɑːz puːr ənd hɪz kənˈdɪʃən ʃiː əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd ɪn hɜːr maɪnd wɪð ðə ˈbɔɪhʊd ʌv ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən ʌv ˈmɪstər ˈbʌtlər ənd ʌv ˈʌðər men huː hæd bɪˈkʌm səkˈsesəz/
Line 5
Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abraham noun US /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading “She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.”

degraded adjective US /dɪˈɡreɪdəd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading “Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.”

delectable adjective US /dɪˈlektəbəl/

extremely pleasing to the sense of taste

From this reading “Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.”

middle-class adjective US /ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/

occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy

From this reading “Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.”

salutary adjective US /ˈsæljəteri/

tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health

From this reading “Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.”

signifying verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.”

Silva noun US /ˈsɪlvə/

the forest trees growing in a country or region

From this reading “Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.”

successes noun US /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading “She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

AbrahamnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

AlsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

associatedverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

boyhoodnounUS /ˈbɔɪhʊd/

the childhood of a boy

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

ButlernounUS /ˈbʌtlər/

a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

degradedadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdəd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

delectableadjectiveUS /dɪˈlektəbəl/

extremely pleasing to the sense of taste

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

drudges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

hopelessadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊpləs/

without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading That was her total knowledge on the subject.

LincolnnounUS /ˈlɪŋkən/

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

MarianounUS /mərˈiːə/

a dark region of considerable extent on the surface of the moon

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

MartinnounUS /ˈmɑːrtən/

French bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397)

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

middle-classadjectiveUS /ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/

occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

not-nice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading That was her total knowledge on the subject.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

RuthnounUS /ruːθ/

United States professional baseball player famous for hitting home runs (1895-1948)

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

salutaryadjectiveUS /ˈsæljəteri/

tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

signifyingverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

SilvanounUS /ˈsɪlvə/

the forest trees growing in a country or region

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

spurnounUS /spɜːr/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading That was her total knowledge on the subject.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

successesnounUS /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That was her total knowledge on the subject.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading That was her total knowledge on the subject.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Maria Silva was poor, and all the ways of poverty were clear to her.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Also, while aware that poverty was anything but delectable, she had a comfortable middle-class feeling that poverty was salutary, that it was a sharp spur that urged on to success all men who were not degraded and hopeless drudges.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She knew Martin was poor, and his condition she associated in her mind with the boyhood of Abraham Lincoln, of Mr. Butler, and of other men who had become successes.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Poverty, to Ruth, was a word signifying a not-nice condition of existence.

Chapter 21 of Martin Eden by Jack London holds 219 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Martin Eden contain?

Chapter 21 holds 219 sentences of Martin Eden, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Martin Eden by Jack London exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 219 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Martin Eden?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Martin Eden

Common questions about reading Martin Eden by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Martin Eden?

Yes. All 8927 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1056 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Martin Eden is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1056, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Martin Eden take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1786 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Martin Eden section by section

How to work through Martin Eden section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Martin Eden to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Martin Eden

Words and structures a reader meets early in Martin Eden, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Opened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latch-key
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Followed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.