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Martin Rattler
Martin Rattler

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Martin Rattler is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.
It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.
He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.
He soon made up his mind what to do.
The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Martin Rattler

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Martin Rattler is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.
Line 2
It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.
Line 3
He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.
Line 4
He soon made up his mind what to do.
/hiː suːn meɪd ʌp hɪz maɪnd wʌt tuː duː/
Line 5
The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.
/ðə ˈweðər wɑːz ekˈstriːmli wɔːrm soʊ ðæt ˈæftər ˈrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈwɔːtər aʊt ʌv hɪz ˈlɪnən kloʊðz hiː ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈlɪtəl dɪˈskʌmfərt bʌt hiː felt ðæt ðer wʊd nɑːt ˈoʊnli biː dɪˈskʌmfərt bʌt noʊ ˈlɪtəl ˈdeɪndʒər ɪn ˈtrævəlɪŋ ɪn sʌtʃ ə ˈkʌntri wɪˈθaʊt ɑːrmz ˈkʌvərɪŋ ɔːr prəˈvɪʒənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alligator noun US /ˈæləɡeɪtər/

leather made from alligator's hide

From this reading “THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.”

clambered verb US /ˈklæmbərd/

past form of “clamber” — climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading “It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.”

encounters noun US /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/

plural of “encounter” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading “THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.”

jaguar noun US /ˈdʒæɡwɑːr/

a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis

From this reading “THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.”

Martin's noun US /ˈmɑːrtənz/

possessive form of “martin” — French bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397)

From this reading “It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.”

recklessness noun US /ˈrekləsnəs/

the trait of giving little thought to danger

From this reading “He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.”

regardless adverb US /rəˈɡɑːrdləs/

in spite of everything; without regard to drawbacks

From this reading “He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.”

wringing verb US /ˈrɪŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “wring” — twist and press out of shape

From this reading “The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.”

All words in this reading · 128

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

ALLIGATORnounUS /ˈæləɡeɪtər/

leather made from alligator's hide

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

ALONEadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

appreciatedadjectiveUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

BETWEENprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

clamberedverbUS /ˈklæmbərd/

past form of “clamber” — climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

comprehendverbUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhend/

get the meaning of something

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

CREATURESnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

deprivedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

discomfortnounUS /dɪˈskʌmfərt/

the state of being tense and feeling pain

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He soon made up his mind what to do.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

earnestlyadverbUS /ˈɜːrnəstli/

in a serious manner

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

ENCOUNTERSnounUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/

plural of “encounter” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

ESCAPEnounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

FIGHTverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

FreedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

JAGUARnounUS /ˈdʒæɡwɑːr/

a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

light-heartedadjective

carefree and happy and lighthearted

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

MARTINnounUS /ˈmɑːrtən/

French bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397)

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

Martin'snounUS /ˈmɑːrtənz/

possessive form of “martin” — French bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397)

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He soon made up his mind what to do.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

ponderedverbUS /ˈpɑːndərd/

past form of “ponder” — reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

recklessnessnounUS /ˈrekləsnəs/

the trait of giving little thought to danger

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

regardlessadverbUS /rəˈɡɑːrdləs/

in spite of everything; without regard to drawbacks

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

sensationnounUS /senˈseɪʃən/

an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He soon made up his mind what to do.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

STRANGEadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

TERRIBLEadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

welled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading He sat down on a rock, regardless of the wet condition of his clothes, and pondered long and earnestly over his position, which was still one of some danger; but a sensation of light-hearted recklessness made the prospect before him seem very bright.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He soon made up his mind what to do.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is impossible to comprehend the feelings of joy that welled up in Martin's bosom as he clambered up the rugged cliffs among which he had found shelter, and looked round upon the beautiful valley, now lying in the shadow of the mountain range behind which the sun had just set.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

WILDERNESSnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading THE ESCAPE--ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS--FIGHT BETWEEN A JAGUAR AND AN ALLIGATOR--MARTIN ENCOUNTERS STRANGE AND TERRIBLE CREATURES Freedom can be fully appreciated only by those who have been for a long period deprived of liberty.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

wringingverbUS /ˈrɪŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “wring” — twist and press out of shape

From this reading The weather was extremely warm, so that after wringing the water out of his linen clothes he experienced little discomfort; but he felt that there would not only be discomfort but no little danger in travelling in such a country without arms, covering, or provisions.

Chapter 22 of Martin Rattler by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Martin Rattler contain?

Chapter 22 holds 99 sentences of Martin Rattler, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Martin Rattler by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Martin Rattler?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Martin Rattler

Common questions about reading Martin Rattler by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Martin Rattler?

Yes. All 2402 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13290 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Martin Rattler is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13290, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Martin Rattler take to read?

About 200 minutes of reading across 481 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Martin Rattler section by section

How to work through Martin Rattler section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Martin Rattler to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Martin Rattler

Words and structures a reader meets early in Martin Rattler, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Rattler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rattler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Rattler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Least
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Rattler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dorothy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Martin Rattler; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.