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Mary Erskine
Mary Erskine

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Mary Erskine is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mary Erskine
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CALAMITY.
Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.
Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.
He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.
With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mary Erskine

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Mary Erskine is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CALAMITY.
/kəˈlæməti/
Line 2
Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.
Line 3
Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.
Line 4
He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.
/hiː bɪlt bɑːrnz ənd ʃedz əˈbaʊt hɪz haʊs ənd ˈɡrædʒuːəli əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd kwaɪt ə stɑːk ʌv ˈænəməlz/
Line 5
With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.
/wɪð ðə ˈmʌni ðæt hiː əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈselɪŋ ðə ɡreɪn ənd ðə ɡræs siːd wɪtʃ hiː reɪzd əˈpɑːn hɪz lænd hiː bɑːt ˈɑːksən ənd ʃiːp ənd kaʊz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accumulated adjective US /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading “He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.”

barns noun US /bɑːrnz/

plural of “barn” — an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals

From this reading “He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.”

calamity noun US /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading “CALAMITY.”

cows noun US /kaʊz/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading “With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.”

openings noun US /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading “Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.”

oxen noun US /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading “With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.”

selling noun US /ˈselɪŋ/

the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money

From this reading “With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.”

sheds noun US /ʃedz/

plural of “shed” — an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage

From this reading “He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

accumulatedadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

AlbertnounUS /ˈælbərt/

prince consort of Queen Victoria of England (1819-1861)

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

AnnenounUS /æn/

Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

barnsnounUS /bɑːrnz/

plural of “barn” — an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

CALAMITYnounUS /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading CALAMITY.

clearings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

cowsnounUS /kaʊz/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

Erskine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

openingsnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

pleasantlyadverbUS /ˈplezəntli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

prosperouslyadverb

in the manner of prosperous people

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

seednounUS /siːd/

a small hard fruit

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

sellingnounUS /ˈselɪŋ/

the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

shedsnounUS /ʃedz/

plural of “shed” — an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

Sophia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading He built barns and sheds about his house, and gradually accumulated quite a stock of animals.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Every spring Albert cut down more trees, and made new openings and clearings.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the money that he obtained by selling the grain and the grass seed which he raised upon his land, he bought oxen and sheep and cows.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Both Mary Erskine and Anne Sophia went on very pleasantly and prosperously, each in her own way, for several years.

Chapter 4 of Mary Erskine by Jacob Abbott holds 231 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Mary Erskine contain?

Chapter 4 holds 231 sentences of Mary Erskine, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Mary Erskine by Jacob Abbott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 231 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Mary Erskine?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mary Erskine

Common questions about reading Mary Erskine by Jacob Abbott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mary Erskine?

Yes. All 1894 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14475 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mary Erskine is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14475, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mary Erskine take to read?

About 157 minutes of reading across 379 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mary Erskine section by section

How to work through Mary Erskine section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Mary Erskine to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mary Erskine

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mary Erskine, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jemmy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary Erskine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Malleville
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary Erskine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cousin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary Erskine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonny
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary Erskine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.