Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Mary-'Gusta
Mary-'Gusta

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Mary-'Gusta is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mary-'Gusta
Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.
Edwin Smith was much better.
By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.
The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.
Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mary-'Gusta

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Mary-'Gusta is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.
/ɪt wɑːz leɪt ɪn ˈɑːɡəst wen ˈmeri rəˈsiːvd ðə ˈletər frʌm ˈkrɔːfərd ɪn wɪtʃ hiː toʊld ʌv hɪz dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən tuː weɪt noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər bʌt tuː tel hɪz ˈfɑːðər ʌv hɪz lʌv fɔːr hɜːr/
Line 2
Edwin Smith was much better.
/ˈedwən smɪθ wɑːz mʌtʃ ˈbetər/
Line 3
By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.
Line 4
The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.
/ðə ˈpɪktʃər ʃoʊd ˈmɪstər smɪθ wɪˈθaʊt hɪz bɪrd wɪtʃ hæd bɪn ʃeɪvd ɔːf ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈɪlnəs/
Line 5
Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.
/ˈiːðər ðɪs ɔːr ðə ˈɪlnəs ˌɪtˈself hæd tʃeɪndʒd hɪm ə ɡreɪt diːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

August noun US /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading “It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.”

Crawford noun US /ˈkrɔːfərd/

United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading “It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.”

determination noun US /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading “It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.”

Edwin noun US /ˈedwən/

king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)

From this reading “Edwin Smith was much better.”

illness noun US /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading “The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.”

lawn noun US /lɔːn/

a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading “By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.”

photograph verb US /ˈfoʊtəɡræf/

record on photographic film

From this reading “By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.”

shaved adjective US /ʃeɪvd/

having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin

From this reading “The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Edwin Smith was much better.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

CrawfordnounUS /ˈkrɔːfərd/

United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

EdwinnounUS /ˈedwən/

king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)

From this reading Edwin Smith was much better.

EitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

illnessnounUS /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

inclosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

lawnnounUS /lɔːn/

a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Edwin Smith was much better.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

photographverbUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræf/

record on photographic film

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

shavedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪvd/

having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading Edwin Smith was much better.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Either this or the illness itself had changed him a great deal.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading By way of proof, his son inclosed a photograph which he had taken of his father sitting beneath a tree on the lawn of their home.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was late in August when Mary received the letter from Crawford in which he told of his determination to wait no longer but to tell his father of his love for her.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The picture showed Mr. Smith without his beard, which had been shaved off during his illness.

Chapter 21 of Mary-'Gusta by Joseph Crosby Lincoln holds 274 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Mary-'Gusta contain?

Chapter 21 holds 274 sentences of Mary-'Gusta, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Mary-'Gusta by Joseph Crosby Lincoln exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 274 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Mary-'Gusta?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mary-'Gusta

Common questions about reading Mary-'Gusta by Joseph Crosby Lincoln on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mary-'Gusta?

Yes. All 9035 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2473 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mary-'Gusta is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2473, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mary-'Gusta take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1807 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mary-'Gusta section by section

How to work through Mary-'Gusta section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Mary-'Gusta to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mary-'Gusta

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mary-'Gusta, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Twentieth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary-'Gusta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
April
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary-'Gusta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People--that
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary-'Gusta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Majority
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mary-'Gusta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.