Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Mary of Lorraine
Mary of Lorraine

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Mary of Lorraine is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mary of Lorraine
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CROSS OF FIRE.
Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.
Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.
_Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.
In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mary of Lorraine

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Mary of Lorraine is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CROSS OF FIRE.
/ðə krɔːs ʌv ˈfaɪər/
Line 2
Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.
Line 3
Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.
Line 4
_Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.
Line 5
In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

athwart adverb US /əˈθwɔːrt/

at right angles to the center line of a ship

From this reading “_Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.”

beacons noun US /ˈbiːkənz/

plural of “beacon” — a fire (usually on a hill or tower) that can be seen from a distance

From this reading “_Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.”

clamour verb US /ˈklæmər/

utter or proclaim insistently and noisily

From this reading “Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.”

clan noun US /klæn/

group of people related by blood or marriage

From this reading “In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.”

hamlets noun US /ˈhæmləts/

plural of “hamlet” — a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading “Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.”

naming noun US /ˈneɪmɪŋ/

the verbal act of naming

From this reading “In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.”

Regent noun US /ˈriːdʒənt/

members of a governing board

From this reading “In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.”

upland adjective US /ˈʌplənd/

used of high or hilly country

From this reading “Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

whole kingdom adjective + noun

In this reading “_Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.”

within an hour preposition + article + noun counted as “within … hour”

In this reading “In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.”

from the shores preposition + article + noun counted as “from … shore”

In this reading “_Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.”

like the wind verb + article + noun counted as “like … wind”

In this reading “Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

Arran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

athwartadverbUS /əˈθwɔːrt/

at right angles to the center line of a ship

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

AtlanticnounUS /ətˈlæntɪk/

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

beaconsnounUS /ˈbiːkənz/

plural of “beacon” — a fire (usually on a hill or tower) that can be seen from a distance

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

bearernounUS /ˈberər/

someone whose employment involves carrying something

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

blazedverbUS /bleɪzd/

past form of “blaze” — shine brightly and intensively

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

burghnoun

a borough in Scotland

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

clamourverbUS /ˈklæmər/

utter or proclaim insistently and noisily

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

clannounUS /klæn/

group of people related by blood or marriage

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

continentnounUS /ˈkɑːntənənt/

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

conventnounUS /ˈkɑːnvənt/

a religious residence especially for nuns

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

CROSSverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading THE CROSS OF FIRE.

day-dawn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

FastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

FIREverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading THE CROSS OF FIRE.

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

glennounUS /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

hamletnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

hamletsnounUS /ˈhæmləts/

plural of “hamlet” — a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

hutsnounUS /hʌts/

plural of “hut” — temporary military shelter

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

incredibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredəbəl/

beyond belief or understanding

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

islenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

LakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

LeftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

messengernounUS /ˈmesəndʒər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

monasterynounUS /ˈmɑːnəsteri/

the residence of a religious community

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

muster-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

namingnounUS /ˈneɪmɪŋ/

the verbal act of naming

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CROSS OF FIRE.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

pour'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

pressingnounUS /ˈpresɪŋ/

the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

RegentnounUS /ˈriːdʒənt/

members of a governing board

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

rendezvousnounUS /ˈrɑːndɪvuː/

a meeting planned at a certain time and place

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

sheriffdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

show'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

slack'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

summonsnounUS /ˈsʌmənz/

a request to be present

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

symbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

tenantnounUS /ˈtenənt/

someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CROSS OF FIRE.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

uplandadjectiveUS /ˈʌplənd/

used of high or hilly country

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading _Lady of the Lake._ On this night the beacons blazed on continent and isle, athwart the whole kingdom,--from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the German Sea.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Nor slack'd the messenger his pace; He show'd the sign, he named the place, And pressing forward like the wind, Left clamour and surprise behind.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading Fast as the fatal symbol flies, In arms the huts and hamlets rise; From winding glen, from upland brown, They pour'd, each hardy tenant, down.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading In every city, burgh, hamlet, and castle, cottage, convent, and monastery, the tidings were known within an hour, that the invasion had begun; and by day-dawn THE CROSS OF FIRE had spread from hand to hand, with the summons to the muster-place, and it went from glen to glen with incredible speed, each bearer naming the gathering or rendezvous of his clan, burgh, or sheriffdom, with the place where the array of the kingdom was to meet the Regent Arran.

Chapter 31 of Mary of Lorraine by James Grant holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Mary of Lorraine contain?

Chapter 31 holds 44 sentences of Mary of Lorraine, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Mary of Lorraine by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Mary of Lorraine?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mary of Lorraine

Common questions about reading Mary of Lorraine by James Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mary of Lorraine?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mary of Lorraine is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mary of Lorraine take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mary of Lorraine section by section

How to work through Mary of Lorraine section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Mary of Lorraine to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mary of Lorraine

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mary of Lorraine, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Mary of Lorraine, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Mary of Lorraine, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Mary of Lorraine, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.