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Mary Stuart: Celebrated Crimes
Mary Stuart: Celebrated Crimes

Chapter IX

Cover illustration for Mary Stuart: Celebrated Crimes
Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.
The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.
Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.
Here is that last letter:--
14th December, 1586
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mary Stuart: Celebrated Crimes

Chapter IX

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.
Line 2
The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.
Line 3
Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.
Line 4
Here is that last letter:--
Line 5
14th December, 1586

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Here is that last letter:--”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Here is that last letter:--”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.”

Third noun US /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14th December, 1586

1586

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14th December, 1586

advantage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

allowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

Bernard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

chaplain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

commissioners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

December

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14th December, 1586

decree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

Don

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

Duke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

give

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

Guise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

HerenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Here is that last letter:--

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here is that last letter:--

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Here is that last letter:--

learned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

letter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is that last letter:--

letters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

Mary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

Mendoza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

months

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

news

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

Pope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

pronounced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

Queen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

Sixtus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

Stuart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Here is that last letter:--

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

thirdnounUS /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Queen Mary had known the decree of the commissioners these two months.

V

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

visit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The very day it had been pronounced she had learned the news through her chaplain, whom they had allowed her to see this once only.

written-one

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mary Stuart had taken advantage of this visit to give him three letters she had just written-one for Pope Sixtus V, the other to Don Bernard Mendoza, the third to the Duke of Guise.