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Massacres of the South (1551-1815)
Massacres of the South (1551-1815)

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Massacres of the South (1551-1815) is here in full — 358 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
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On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.
They all passed the night at Langlade.
The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.
Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.
These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Massacres of the South (1551-1815)

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Massacres of the South (1551-1815) is here in full — 358 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.
Line 2
They all passed the night at Langlade.
Line 3
The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.
Line 4
Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.
Line 5
These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompanied adjective US /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading “On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.”

Cavalier noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪr/

a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.”

greet verb US /ɡriːt/

express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading “Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.”

hostages noun US /ˈhɑːstədʒəz/

plural of “hostage” — a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms

From this reading “Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.”

infantry noun US /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading “These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.”

officers noun US /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading “These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.”

regiment verb US /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading “These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.”

sixty adjective US /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading “On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.

agreedadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːd/

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They all passed the night at Langlade.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

Carayrac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

CavaliernounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪr/

a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

d'Aygaliers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

dragoons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

Duretiere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

Fimarcon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

foot-soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

greetverbUS /ɡriːt/

express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

hostagesnounUS /ˈhɑːstədʒəz/

plural of “hostage” — a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms

From this reading Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

Lacombe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

Lalande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

Langlade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They all passed the night at Langlade.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading They all passed the night at Langlade.

Nimes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading They all passed the night at Langlade.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

Saint-Cesaire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

Tarnac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These hostages were M. de La Duretiere, captain of the Fimarcon regiment, a captain of infantry, several other officers, and ten dragoons.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They all passed the night at Langlade.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lalande advanced to greet Cavalier and present the hostages to him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The next day they set out for Nimes, and, as had been agreed upon, were met by Lalande between Saint-Cesaire and Carayrac.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading On the 15th May Cavalier set out from Tarnac at the head of one hundred and sixty foot-soldiers and fifty horse; he was accompanied by his young brother and by d'Aygaliers and Lacombe.

Chapter 4 of Massacres of the South (1551-1815) by Alexandre Dumas holds 358 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Massacres of the South (1551-1815) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 358 sentences of Massacres of the South (1551-1815), unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Massacres of the South (1551-1815) by Alexandre Dumas exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 358 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Massacres of the South (1551-1815)?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Massacres of the South (1551-1815)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Massacres of the South (1551-1815), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Possible
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Massacres of the South (1551-1815); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Massacres of the South (1551-1815); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Massacres of the South (1551-1815); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recollections
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Massacres of the South (1551-1815); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.