Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Master Reynard: The History of a Fox
Master Reynard: The History of a Fox

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox is here in full — 494 sentences across 99 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Master Reynard: The History of a Fox
Context Illustration Reading 1/98 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.
The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.
The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.
There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.
If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Master Reynard: The History of a Fox

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox is here in full — 494 sentences across 99 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/98 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.
Line 2
The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.
Line 3
The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.
Line 4
There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.
Line 5
If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.
/ɪf aɪ wɑːz laɪk ðə ˈbeɪbi kʌbz aɪ hæv sɪns siːn aɪ wɑːz bɔːrn blaɪnd maɪ ˈmʌzəl wɑːz blʌnt ənd ˈraʊndəd ənd maɪ koʊt æz blæk æz ə kroʊ ðə ˈoʊnli waɪt əˈbaʊt miː ˈbiːɪŋ ə fjuː herz ɪn ðə tæɡ ʌv maɪ ˈtaɪni brʌʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Autobiographies noun US /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfiz/

plural of “autobiography” — a biography of yourself

From this reading “From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.”

cubs noun US /kʌbz/

plural of “cub” — an awkward and inexperienced youth

From this reading “If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.”

hairs noun US /herz/

plural of “hair” — a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading “If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.”

muzzle noun US /ˈmʌzəl/

the open circular discharging end of a gun

From this reading “If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.”

roomy noun US /ˈruːmi/

an associate who shares a room with you

From this reading “The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.”

sward noun US /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading “The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.”

tag verb US /tæɡ/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading “If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.”

vixen noun US /ˈvɪksɪn/

a malicious woman with a fierce temper

From this reading “There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steep cliff adjective + noun

In this reading “The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.”

above the level preposition + article + noun counted as “above … level”

In this reading “The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.”

born blind adjective + noun

In this reading “If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.”

dry ground noun + noun

In this reading “There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.”

two sisters noun + noun counted as “two sister”

In this reading “There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.”

far down adverb + adjective

In this reading “The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

AnimalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

AutobiographiesnounUS /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfiz/

plural of “autobiography” — a biography of yourself

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

babynounUS /ˈbeɪbi/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

blindnounUS /blaɪnd/

people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

bluntadjectiveUS /blʌnt/

having a broad or rounded end

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

brushverbUS /brʌʃ/

rub with a brush, or as if with a brush

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

Chatterton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

ConounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

crowverbUS /kroʊ/

dwell on with satisfaction

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

cubsnounUS /kʌbz/

plural of “cub” — an awkward and inexperienced youth

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

daylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

hairsnounUS /herz/

plural of “hair” — a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

muzzlenounUS /ˈmʌzəl/

the open circular discharging end of a gun

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

roomynounUS /ˈruːmi/

an associate who shares a room with you

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

roundedadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəd/

curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

sheeradjectiveUS /ʃɪr/

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

shelfnounUS /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

sistersnounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

plural of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

slopingadjectiveUS /ˈsloʊpɪŋ/

having an oblique or slanted direction

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

springyadjective

elastic; rebounds readily

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

swardnounUS /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

tagverbUS /tæɡ/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

tinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

Tregarthen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

tunnelverbUS /ˈtʌnəl/

move through by or as by digging

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

turfnounUS /tɜːrf/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

undercliff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

vixennounUS /ˈvɪksɪn/

a malicious woman with a fierce temper

From this reading There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The entrance we used most was slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the undercliff fell sheer to the sea.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen New York A. L. Chatterton Co.

Chapter 1 of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox by Jane Fielding holds 494 sentences, grouped into 99 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox contain?

Chapter 1 holds 494 sentences of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox, unabridged, divided into 99 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox by Jane Fielding exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 494 sentences, grouped into 99 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox?

Work through the 99 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 99 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Master Reynard: The History of a Fox

Common questions about reading Master Reynard: The History of a Fox by Jane Fielding on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox?

Yes. All 976 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44347, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Master Reynard: The History of a Fox take to read?

About 81 minutes of reading across 196 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Master Reynard: The History of a Fox section by section

How to work through Master Reynard: The History of a Fox section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Master Reynard: The History of a Fox

Words and structures a reader meets early in Master Reynard: The History of a Fox, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Animal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Autobiographies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tregarthen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chatterton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Master Reynard: The History of a Fox; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.