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Masters of the English Novel
Masters of the English Novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Masters of the English Novel is here in full — 175 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
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The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.
In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.
The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.
Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.
Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Masters of the English Novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Masters of the English Novel is here in full — 175 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.
/ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ʌv ˌɪnˈkluːʒən ɪn ðɪs bʊk ɪz ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl wʌn wɪtʃ əˈsuːmz ðæt ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm ɪz ˈoʊnli seɪf wen ɪt diːlz wɪð ˈɔːθərz huː ɑːr ded/
Line 2
In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.
/ɪn prəˈpɔːrʃən æz wiː əˈproʊtʃ ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔːr wɜːrs spiːk ʌv ðoʊz stɪl ɑːn ɜːrθ ðə ˈprɑːpər pərˈspektɪv ɪz lɔːst ənd ðə ˈdeɪndʒərz ʌv kənˈtempəreri ˈdʒʌdʒmənt ˌɪnˈkɜːrd/
Line 3
The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.
Line 4
Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.
/səmˈtaɪmz ˌhaʊˈevər ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪˈtwiːn ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ ənd ðə ded ɪz æn ˌɪnˈvɪdiəs wʌn/
Line 5
Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assumes verb US /əˈsuːmz/

third-person singular of “assume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.”

deals noun US /diːlz/

plural of “deal” — a particular instance of buying or selling

From this reading “The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.”

inclusion noun US /ˌɪnˈkluːʒən/

the state of being included

From this reading “The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.”

incurred verb US /ˌɪnˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading “In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.”

invidious adjective US /ˌɪnˈvɪdiəs/

containing or implying a slight or showing prejudice

From this reading “Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.”

perspective noun US /pərˈspektɪv/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading “In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.”

Stevenson noun US /ˈstiːvənsən/

Scottish author (1850-1894)

From this reading “Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.”

traditional adjective US /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading “The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

assumesverbUS /əˈsuːmz/

third-person singular of “assume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

dangersnounUS /ˈdeɪndʒərz/

plural of “danger” — the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

dealsnounUS /diːlz/

plural of “deal” — a particular instance of buying or selling

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

examplesnounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəlz/

plural of “example” — an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

hereinafteradverb

in a subsequent part of this document or statement or matter etc.

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

inclusionnounUS /ˌɪnˈkluːʒən/

the state of being included

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

incurredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

invidiousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɪdiəs/

containing or implying a slight or showing prejudice

From this reading Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

light-mindedadjective

showing inappropriate levity

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

MeredithnounUS /ˈmerɪdɪθ/

United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

perspectivenounUS /pərˈspektɪv/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

saferadjectiveUS /ˈseɪfər/

comparative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes, however, the distinction between the living and the dead is an invidious one.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

StevensonnounUS /ˈstiːvənsən/

Scottish author (1850-1894)

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three authors hereinafter studied are examples: Meredith, Hardy and Stevenson.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

traditionaladjectiveUS /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The light-minded might add, that the dead cannot strike back; to pass judgment upon them is not only more critical but safer.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The principle of inclusion in this book is the traditional one which assumes that criticism is only safe when it deals with authors who are dead.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading In proportion as we approach the living or, worse, speak of those still on earth, the proper perspective is lost and the dangers of contemporary judgment incurred.

Chapter 1 of Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton holds 175 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Masters of the English Novel contain?

Chapter 1 holds 175 sentences of Masters of the English Novel, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 175 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Masters of the English Novel?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Masters of the English Novel

Common questions about reading Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Masters of the English Novel?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Masters of the English Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Masters of the English Novel take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Masters of the English Novel section by section

How to work through Masters of the English Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Masters of the English Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Masters of the English Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Masters of the English Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Masters of the English Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Masters of the English Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.