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Masters of the English Novel
Masters of the English Novel

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Masters of the English Novel is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
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DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.
Many authors began to write the new fiction.
Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.
In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.
Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Masters of the English Novel

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Masters of the English Novel is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.
Line 2
Many authors began to write the new fiction.
/ˈmeni ˈɔːθərz bɪˈɡæn tuː raɪt ðə nuː ˈfɪkʃən/
Line 3
Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.
Line 4
In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.
Line 5
Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contemporary adjective US /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading “In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.”

developments noun US /dɪˈveləpmənts/

plural of “development” — act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading “DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.”

Fielding noun US /ˈfiːldɪŋ/

(baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field

From this reading “DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.”

Goldsmith's noun US /ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs/

possessive form of “goldsmith” — an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold

From this reading “In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.”

maturity noun US /məˈtʃʊrəti/

the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed

From this reading “In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.”

Richardson noun US /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading “DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.”

sterne noun US /stɜːrn/

English writer (born in Ireland) (1713-1766)

From this reading “DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.”

trustworthy adjective US /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

worthy of trust or belief

From this reading “Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

charmingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/

pleasing or delighting

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

comfortablyadverbUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbli/

in mental comfort; without stress

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

DEVELOPMENTSnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənts/

plural of “development” — act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

FieldingnounUS /ˈfiːldɪŋ/

(baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

flatterynounUS /ˈflætəri/

excessive or insincere praise

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

Gentleman'snounUS /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

Goldsmith'snounUS /ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs/

possessive form of “goldsmith” — an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

imitationnounUS /ˌɪməˈteɪʃən/

the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

machine-madeadjective

made by machine

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

MagazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

maturitynounUS /məˈtʃʊrəti/

the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

NovelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

novel-writing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

novelsnounUS /ˈnɑːvəlz/

plural of “novel” — an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

OTHERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

Pamela

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

popularitynounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

reporternounUS /rɪˈpɔːrtər/

a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

RichardsonnounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

shelvesnounUS /ʃelvz/

Plural of shelf; the vast wooden or stone structures holding archives.

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

sincerest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

SMOLLETTnoun

Scottish writer of adventure novels (1721-1771)

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

STERNEnounUS /stɜːrn/

English writer (born in Ireland) (1713-1766)

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

stringsnounUS /strɪŋz/

the section of an orchestra that plays stringed instruments

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

trustworthyadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

worthy of trust or belief

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

VicarnounUS /ˈvɪkər/

a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

Wakefield

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Only a little later, we find the Gentleman's Magazine, a trustworthy reporter of such matters, speaking of "this novel-writing age."

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading DEVELOPMENTS; SMOLLETT, STERNE AND OTHERS The popularity of Richardson and Fielding showed itself in a hearty public welcome: and also in that sincerest form of flattery, imitation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where once a definite demand is recognized in literature, the supply, more or less machine-made, is sure to follow.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Many authors began to write the new fiction.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading In the short quarter of a century between "Pamela" and "The Vicar of Wakefield," the Novel got its growth, passed out of leading strings into what may fairly be called independence and maturity: and by the time Goldsmith's charming little classic was written, the shelves were comfortably filled with novels recent or current, giving contemporary literature quite the air so familiar to-day.

Chapter 4 of Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton holds 231 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Masters of the English Novel contain?

Chapter 4 holds 231 sentences of Masters of the English Novel, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 231 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Masters of the English Novel?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Masters of the English Novel

Common questions about reading Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Masters of the English Novel?

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Which edition of Masters of the English Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Masters of the English Novel take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Masters of the English Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Masters of the English Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Masters of the English Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Masters of the English Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Masters of the English Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.