1830
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
1870
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
something done (usually as opposed to something said)
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
BalzacnounUS /bɑːlˈzæk/
French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/
the -ing form of “be”
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
cause to change; make different; cause a transformation
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
collectivelyadverbUS /kəˈlektɪvli/
in conjunction with; combined
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
continentnounUS /ˈkɑːntənənt/
one of the large landmasses of the earth
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
cultivatingverbUS /ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪŋ/
-ing form of “cultivate” — foster the growth of
From this reading England, like other lands cultivating the Novel, felt the influence.
a division of the United Kingdom
From this reading England, like other lands cultivating the Novel, felt the influence.
English-speakingadjective
able to communicate in English
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
explainsverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnz/
third-person singular of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
extensionnounUS /ɪkˈstenʃən/
a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
mat together and make felt-like
From this reading England, like other lands cultivating the Novel, felt the influence.
fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/
a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
franchisenounUS /ˈfræntʃaɪz/
an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/
all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/
acknowledged as a supposition
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
greater in size or importance or degree
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
HARDYadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/
having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
how
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/
characteristic of humanity
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
hypothesisnounUS /haɪˈpɑːθəsəs/
a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
inevitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbəl/
incapable of being avoided or prevented
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
happening at a time subsequent to a reference time
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
prefer or wish to do something
From this reading England, like other lands cultivating the Novel, felt the influence.
MEREDITHnounUS /ˈmerɪdɪθ/
United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
naturalismnounUS /ˈnætʃərəlɪzəm/
(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
NovelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/
an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story
From this reading England, like other lands cultivating the Novel, felt the influence.
novel-making
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading England, like other lands cultivating the Novel, felt the influence.
past form of “pass” — go across or through
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
preferencenounUS /ˈprefərəns/
a strong liking
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
primarilyadverbUS /praɪˈmerəli/
for the most part
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
productiveadjectiveUS /prəˈdʌktɪv/
producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly)
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
realismnounUS /ˈriːəlɪzəm/
the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
seventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/
coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
significancenounUS /səɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
the quality of being significant
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
so-calledadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊˈkɔːld/
doubtful or suspect
From this reading And as an inevitable consequence, realism passed to the so-called naturalism.
relating to human society and its members
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
themenounUS /θiːm/
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading Balzac brought to fiction a greater franchise of theme: Zola taught it to regard a human being--individual or collectively social--as primarily animal: that is, he explains action on this hypothesis.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/
to a great degree
From this reading HARDY AND MEREDITH We have seen in chapter seventh, how the influence of Balzac introduced to modern fiction that extension of subject and that preference for the external fact widely productive of change in the novel-making of the continent and of English-speaking lands.
a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
ZolanounUS /ˈzoʊlə/
French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)
From this reading As the year 1830 was given significance by him, so, a generation later, the year 1870 was given significance by Zola.
