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Masters of the English Novel
Masters of the English Novel

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of Masters of the English Novel is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.
Yet the principle must be applied.
The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.
The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.
What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Masters of the English Novel

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of Masters of the English Novel is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.
/ðə əˈmerəkən ˌkɑːntrəˈbjuːʃən aɪ tuː ɪkˈskluːd ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ æz wiː mʌst ɪn æn ˈestəmət ʌv ðə əˈmerəkən ˌkɑːntrəˈbjuːʃən tuː ðə dɪˈveləpmənt wiː hæv bɪn ˈtreɪsɪŋ ɪz əˈspeʃli ənˈdʒʌst/
Line 2
Yet the principle must be applied.
/jet ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl mʌst biː əˈplaɪd/
Line 3
The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.
Line 4
The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.
/ðə ˈmɑːdərn ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk ˈmuːvmənt ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈfɪkʃən hæz bɪn əˈfektɪd tuː sʌm dɪˈɡriː baɪ ðə wɜːrk hæz rɪˈspɑːndɪd tuː ðə ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ðə tuː əˈmerəkənz ˈhaʊəlz ənd dʒeɪmz/
Line 5
What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.
/wʌt hæz bɪn əˈkɑːmplɪʃt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst ˈfɔːrti jɪrz hæz bɪn ˈlɑːrdʒli ˈʌndər ðer ˈliːdərʃɪp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contribution noun US /ˌkɑːntrəˈbjuːʃən/

the effort contributed by a person in bringing about a result

From this reading “THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.”

estimate noun US /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading “THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.”

exclude verb US /ɪkˈskluːd/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.”

Howells noun US /ˈhaʊəlz/

United States writer and editor (1837-1920)

From this reading “The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.”

largely adverb US /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading “What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.”

leadership noun US /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading “What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.”

realistic adjective US /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/

aware or expressing awareness of things as they really are

From this reading “The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.”

tracing noun US /ˈtreɪsɪŋ/

the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline

From this reading “THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

AMERICANnounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

appliedadjectiveUS /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading Yet the principle must be applied.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Yet the principle must be applied.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

CONTRIBUTIONnounUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈbjuːʃən/

the effort contributed by a person in bringing about a result

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

excludeverbUS /ɪkˈskluːd/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

HowellsnounUS /ˈhaʊəlz/

United States writer and editor (1837-1920)

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

injusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

leadershipnounUS /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Yet the principle must be applied.

realisticadjectiveUS /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/

aware or expressing awareness of things as they really are

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

respondedverbUS /rɪˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “respond” — show a response or a reaction to something

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

tracingnounUS /ˈtreɪsɪŋ/

the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

unjustadjectiveUS /ənˈdʒʌst/

not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION I To exclude the living, as we must, in an estimate of the American contribution to the development we have been tracing, is especially unjust.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The injustice lies in the fact that an important part of the contribution falls on the hither side of 1870 and has to do with authors still active.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The modern realistic movement in English fiction has been affected to some degree by the work, has responded to the influence of the two Americans, Howells and James.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading What has been accomplished during the last forty years has been largely under their leadership.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet the principle must be applied.

Chapter 14 of Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Masters of the English Novel contain?

Chapter 14 holds 143 sentences of Masters of the English Novel, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Masters of the English Novel by Richard Burton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Masters of the English Novel?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Masters of the English Novel

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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