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Mazeppa
Mazeppa

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Mazeppa is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mazeppa
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.
I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.
That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.
Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.
Suddenly I did lose it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mazeppa

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Mazeppa is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.
/wʌn ʌv ðə ˈsɪti ɡeɪts leɪ ɪn ðɪs dərˈekʃən ðæt wɪtʃ ɡeɪv əˈpɑːn ðə roʊd ˈliːdɪŋ tuː ˈaʊər oʊn hoʊm ðə juːˈkreɪn/
Line 2
I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.
Line 3
That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.
/ðæt mʌtʃ ˌæsərˈteɪnd aɪ maɪt rest ə ˈlɪtəl waɪl ɔːr ˈiːvɪn pərˈhæps rɪˈtɜːrn fɔːr maɪ hɔːrs/
Line 4
Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.
/ˈmiːnwaɪl ðə ˈrʌmbəl ʌv ðə wiːlz ɪn frʌnt ʌv miː ɡruː ˈfeɪntər wɪð ˈdɪstəns ɪf ɪt hæd nɑːt bɪn naɪt taɪm ənd ðɪs ðə ˈoʊnli saʊnd ˈɑːdəbəl aɪ ʃʊd hæv lɔːst ɪt lɔːŋ sɪns/
Line 5
Suddenly I did lose it.
/ˈsʌdənli aɪ dɪd luːz ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascertained adjective US /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading “That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.”

audible adjective US /ˈɑːdəbəl/

heard or perceptible by the ear

From this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

fainter adjective US /ˈfeɪntər/

comparative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

gates noun US /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading “One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.”

Meanwhile adverb US /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

rumble verb US /ˈrʌmbəl/

make a low noise

From this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

Ukraine noun US /juːˈkreɪn/

a republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century

From this reading “One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.”

wheels noun US /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

city gates noun + noun

In this reading “One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.”

grew fainter verb + adjective counted as “grow faint”

In this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

make sure verb + adjective

make a point of doing something; act purposefully and intentionally

In this reading “I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.”

rumble of verb + particle

In this reading “Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.”

own home verb + noun

In this reading “One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.”

upon the road preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … road”

In this reading “One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.”

lay in verb + particle

keep or lay aside for future use

In this reading “One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

ascertainedadjectiveUS /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

audibleadjectiveUS /ˈɑːdəbəl/

heard or perceptible by the ear

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Suddenly I did lose it.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

fainteradjectiveUS /ˈfeɪntər/

comparative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Suddenly I did lose it.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

Mazeppa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

rumbleverbUS /ˈrʌmbəl/

make a low noise

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly I did lose it.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading I must at least make sure that Mazeppa intended to take this road.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

UkrainenounUS /juːˈkreɪn/

a republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of the city gates lay in this direction: that which gave upon the road leading to our own home, the Ukraine.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading That much ascertained I might rest a little while, or even, perhaps, return for my horse.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Meanwhile the rumble of the wheels in front of me grew fainter with distance; if it had not been night time, and this the only sound audible, I should have lost it long since.

Chapter 31 of Mazeppa by Frederick Whishaw holds 81 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Mazeppa contain?

Chapter 31 holds 81 sentences of Mazeppa, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Mazeppa by Frederick Whishaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 81 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Mazeppa?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mazeppa

Common questions about reading Mazeppa by Frederick Whishaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mazeppa?

Yes. All 3441 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56522 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mazeppa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56522, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mazeppa take to read?

About 286 minutes of reading across 689 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mazeppa section by section

How to work through Mazeppa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Mazeppa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mazeppa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mazeppa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mazeppa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crown
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mazeppa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mazeppa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forbidden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mazeppa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.