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Med Service
Med Service

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Med Service is here in full — 476 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Med Service
Context Illustration Reading 1/95 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.
The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.
Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.
It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.
Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Med Service

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Med Service is here in full — 476 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/95 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.
Line 2
The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.
/ðə ɪˈfekt ʌv ˈmɔːrəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈkɑːndəkt meɪ biː ˈsteɪtɪd tuː biː ə ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəli ˈverəfaɪəbəl rəˈdʌkʃən ɪn ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˌʌnˈfeɪvərəbəl ˈpɑːsəbəl tʃæns ˈhæpənɪŋz/
Line 3
Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.
/ʌv kɔːrs ˈweðər ðɪs ˈprɑːses ɪz tɜːrmd ðə ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt juːs ʌv ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː ɔːr ˈeθɪks ɔːr ˈpaɪəti meɪks noʊ ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə fækt/
Line 4
It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.
/ɪt ɪz ðə ˈmeθəd baɪ wɪtʃ ˌʌnˈfeɪvərəbəl tʃæns ˈhæpənɪŋz ɑːr meɪd liːst ˈprɑːbəbəl/
Line 5
Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.”

ethics noun US /ˈeθɪks/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading “Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.”

increases noun US /ɪnˈkriːsəz/

plural of “increase” — a quantity that is added

From this reading “"The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.”

mathematically adverb US /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəli/

with respect to mathematics

From this reading “The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.”

reduction noun US /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading “The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.”

unfavorable adjective US /ˌʌnˈfeɪvərəbəl/

not encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading “"The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.”

verifiable adjective US /ˈverəfaɪəbəl/

capable of being verified

From this reading “The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.”

zero adjective US /ˈzɪroʊ/

indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration

From this reading “"The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

ArbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

considerationsnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “consideration” — the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

ethicsnounUS /ˈeθɪks/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

happeningsnounUS /ˈhæpənɪŋz/

plural of “happening” — an event that happens

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

increasesnounUS /ɪnˈkriːsəz/

plural of “increase” — a quantity that is added

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

justifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd/

having words so spaced that lines have straight even margins

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

lengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈleŋθənd/

drawn out or made longer spatially

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

mathematicallyadverbUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəli/

with respect to mathematics

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

mathematicsnounUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/

a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

pietynounUS /ˈpaɪəti/

righteousness by virtue of being pious

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

probabilitynounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː/

a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

reductionnounUS /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

termedverbUS /tɜːrmd/

past form of “term” — name formally or designate with a term

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

unfavorableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈfeɪvərəbəl/

not encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

verifiableadjectiveUS /ˈverəfaɪəbəl/

capable of being verified

From this reading The effect of moral considerations, in conduct, may be stated to be a mathematically verifiable reduction in the number of unfavorable possible chance happenings.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Arbitrary actions such as we call criminal cannot ever be justified by mathematics.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Of course, whether this process is termed the intelligent use of probability, or ethics, or piety, makes no difference in the fact.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is the method by which unfavorable chance happenings are made least probable.

zeroadjectiveUS /ˈzɪroʊ/

indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration

From this reading "The probability of unfavorable consequences cannot be zero in any action of common life, but the probability increases by a very high power as a series of actions is lengthened.

Chapter 1 of Med Service by Murray Leinster holds 476 sentences, grouped into 96 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Med Service contain?

Chapter 1 holds 476 sentences of Med Service, unabridged, divided into 96 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Med Service by Murray Leinster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 476 sentences, grouped into 96 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Med Service?

Work through the 96 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 96 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Med Service

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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