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Mediaeval Tales
Mediaeval Tales

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Mediaeval Tales is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.
Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.
The King formed his army into three divisions.
The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.
The Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mediaeval Tales

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Mediaeval Tales is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.
Line 2
Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.
/ˈðɪθɜːr ðen dɪd ðə kɪŋ pərˈsuː hɪz mɑːrtʃ wɪð sɪks ˈθaʊzənd men ənd faʊnd ðə ˈserəsənz ten ˈθaʊzənd strɔːŋ əˈbaʊt θriː maɪlz frʌm ðə ˈsɪti/
Line 3
The King formed his army into three divisions.
/ðə kɪŋ fɔːrmd hɪz ˈɑːrmi ˈɪntuː θriː dɪˈvɪʒənz/
Line 4
The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.
/ðə fɜːrst kəmˈpoʊzd ʌv hɪz best truːps ɔːl ˈkævəlri ðə tuː læst fʊt/
Line 5
The Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner.
/ðə ˈserəsənz fɔːrmd ðerz ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr ˈmænər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cavalry noun US /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading “The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.”

Cordova noun US /ˌkɔːrˈdoʊvə/

Spanish explorer who discovered Yucatan (1475-1526)

From this reading “_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.”

divisions noun US /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading “The King formed his army into three divisions.”

Ibrahim noun US /ˌɪbrɑːˈhiːm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading “_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.”

Masks noun US /mæsks/

plural of “mask” — a covering to disguise or conceal the face

From this reading “_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.”

neighbouring verb US /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading “_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.”

Saracens noun US /ˈserəsənz/

plural of “saracen” — (historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire

From this reading “Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.”

Seville noun US /səˈvɪl/

a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain

From this reading “_The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

Almanzor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The King formed his army into three divisions.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

CordovanounUS /ˌkɔːrˈdoʊvə/

Spanish explorer who discovered Yucatan (1475-1526)

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading The King formed his army into three divisions.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The King formed his army into three divisions.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

IbrahimnounUS /ˌɪbrɑːˈhiːm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The King formed his army into three divisions.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

MasksnounUS /mæsks/

plural of “mask” — a covering to disguise or conceal the face

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

Pampeluna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

SaracensnounUS /ˈserəsənz/

plural of “saracen” — (historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

SevillenounUS /səˈvɪl/

a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading The Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

theirspronounUS /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading The Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

ThitheradverbUS /ˈðɪθɜːr/

an old word meaning “to that place”

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _The War of the Masks._ Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of Seville.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from the city.

Chapter 8 of Mediaeval Tales by Henry [Editor] Morley holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Mediaeval Tales contain?

Chapter 8 holds 36 sentences of Mediaeval Tales, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Mediaeval Tales by Henry [Editor] Morley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Mediaeval Tales?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mediaeval Tales

Common questions about reading Mediaeval Tales by Henry [Editor] Morley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mediaeval Tales?

Yes. All 2984 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28094 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mediaeval Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28094, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mediaeval Tales take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mediaeval Tales section by section

How to work through Mediaeval Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Mediaeval Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mediaeval Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mediaeval Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mediaeval Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mediaeval Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Routledge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mediaeval Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dutton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mediaeval Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.