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Memoirs of Emma Courtney
Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.
I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.
I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.
I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.
After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.
Line 2
I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.
Line 3
I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.
Line 4
I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.
Line 5
After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.
/ˈæftər ðə ruːd ster ʌv ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti ˈevər ˈwuːndɪŋ tuː maɪ ˈfiːlɪŋz wɑːz ˈɡrætəfaɪd aɪ wɑːz left tuː sɑːb əˈloʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caressed verb US /kərˈest/

past form of “caress” — touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner

From this reading “I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.”

coerced verb US /koʊˈɜːrst/

past form of “coerce” — to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means

From this reading “I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.”

embraces noun US /emˈbreɪsɪz/

plural of “embrace” — the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)

From this reading “I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.”

guardians noun US /ˈɡɑːrdiənz/

plural of “guardian” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.”

poring verb US /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “pore” — direct one's attention on something

From this reading “I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.”

ridiculed verb US /ˈrɪdəkjuːld/

past form of “ridicule” — subject to laughter or ridicule

From this reading “I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.”

unheeded adjective US /ənˈhiːdɪd/

disregarded

From this reading “I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.”

wounding noun US /ˈwuːndɪŋ/

the act of inflicting a wound

From this reading “After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

boarding school noun + noun

a private school where students are lodged and fed as well as taught

In this reading “At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.”

mere words adjective + noun

In this reading “I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.”

with difficulty preposition + noun

In this reading “I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

alienadjectiveUS /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

boardingnounUS /ˈbɔːrdɪŋ/

the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

caressedverbUS /kərˈest/

past form of “caress” — touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

coercedverbUS /koʊˈɜːrst/

past form of “coerce” — to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

constrainedadjectiveUS /kənˈstreɪnd/

lacking spontaneity; not natural

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

conveyedverbUS /kənˈveɪd/

past form of “convey” — (of information) make known; pass on

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

convulsivelyadverb

with convulsions, in a convulsive way

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

embracesnounUS /emˈbreɪsɪz/

plural of “embrace” — the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

forbiddenadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

grammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

gratifiedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrætəfaɪd/

having received what was desired

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

griefs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

guardiansnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdiənz/

plural of “guardian” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

needlenounUS /ˈniːdəl/

the leaf of a conifer

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

passionsnounUS /ˈpæʃənz/

plural of “passion” — a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

poringverbUS /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “pore” — direct one's attention on something

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

pratenoun

idle or foolish and irrelevant talk

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

ridiculedverbUS /ˈrɪdəkjuːld/

past form of “ridicule” — subject to laughter or ridicule

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

sensibilitynounUS /ˌsensɪˈbɪlɪti/

mental responsiveness and awareness

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

sobverbUS /sɑːb/

weep convulsively

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

sobbedverbUS /sɑːbd/

inflected form of “sob” — weep convulsively

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

stareverbUS /ster/

look at with fixed eyes

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

talksnounUS /tɔːks/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

tastesnounUS /teɪsts/

plural of “taste” — the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

torenounUS /tɔːr/

commonly the lowest molding at the base of a column

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

torturedadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːrtʃərd/

experiencing intense pain especially mental pain

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

unheededadjectiveUS /ənˈhiːdɪd/

disregarded

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At this period, by the command of my father, I was sent to boarding school.--Ah! never shall I forget the contrast I experienced.

weptverbUS /wept/

inflected form of “weep” — shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain

From this reading I sat down, after their departure, and wept--bitter tears--sobbed convulsively--my griefs were unheeded, and my sensibility ridiculed--I neither gave nor received pleasure.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I loved my guardians with passion--my tastes were all passions--they tore themselves from my embraces with difficulty.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading I was an alien and a stranger;--no one loved, caressed, nor cared for me;--my actions were all constrained;--I was obliged to sit poring over needle work, and forbidden to prate;--my body was tortured into forms, my mind coerced, and talks imposed upon me, grammar and French, mere words, that conveyed to me no ideas.

woundingnounUS /ˈwuːndɪŋ/

the act of inflicting a wound

From this reading After the rude stare of curiosity, ever wounding to my feelings, was gratified, I was left to sob alone.

Chapter 4 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney by Mary Hays holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney contain?

Chapter 4 holds 36 sentences of Memoirs of Emma Courtney, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney by Mary Hays exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Common questions about reading Memoirs of Emma Courtney by Mary Hays on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memoirs of Emma Courtney?

Yes. All 2370 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41256 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Memoirs of Emma Courtney is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41256, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memoirs of Emma Courtney take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 474 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Memoirs of Emma Courtney section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memoirs of Emma Courtney, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Interesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Useful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fictions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.