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Memoirs of Emma Courtney
Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.
I wept over it, bitter tears!
It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?
The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.
Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.
Line 2
I wept over it, bitter tears!
/aɪ wept ˈoʊvər ɪt ˈbɪtər terz/
Line 3
It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?
Line 4
The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.
/ðə ɑːˈɡʌstəs aɪ hæd soʊ lɔːŋ ənd soʊ ˈtendərli lʌvd noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər siːmd tuː ɪɡˈzɪst/
Line 5
Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.
/sʌm wʌn hæd ˈʃʊrli ˌjuːˈsɜːrpt hɪz ˈsɪɡnətʃər ənd ˈɪməteɪtɪd ðoʊz ˈkærəktərz aɪ hæd bɪn əˈkʌstəmd tuː treɪs wɪð dɪˈlaɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Augustus noun US /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading “The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.”

colder adjective US /ˈkoʊldər/

comparative of “cold” — having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading “Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.”

imitated verb US /ˈɪməteɪtɪd/

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading “Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.”

merited adjective US /ˈmerɪtɪd/

properly deserved

From this reading “It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?”

oppressive adjective US /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading “It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?”

signature noun US /ˈsɪɡnətʃər/

your name written in your own handwriting

From this reading “Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.”

sufficiency noun US /səˈfɪʃənsi/

sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations

From this reading “It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?”

usurped verb US /ˌjuːˈsɜːrpt/

past form of “usurp” — seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession

From this reading “Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

bitter tears adjective + noun

In this reading “I wept over it, bitter tears!”

tenderly loved adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.”

wept over verb + particle counted as “weep over”

In this reading “I wept over it, bitter tears!”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

addingverbUS /ˈædɪŋ/

-ing form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

AugustusnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading I wept over it, bitter tears!

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

colderadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊldər/

comparative of “cold” — having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

elapsedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæpst/

(of time) having passed or slipped by

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I wept over it, bitter tears!

imitatedverbUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪd/

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I wept over it, bitter tears!

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

meritedadjectiveUS /ˈmerɪtɪd/

properly deserved

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

oppressiveadjectiveUS /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading I wept over it, bitter tears!

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

reproofnoun

an act or expression of criticism and censure

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

signaturenounUS /ˈsɪɡnətʃər/

your name written in your own handwriting

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

sufficiencynounUS /səˈfɪʃənsi/

sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading I wept over it, bitter tears!

tenderlyadverbUS /ˈtendərli/

with tenderness; in a tender manner

From this reading The Augustus, I had so long and so tenderly loved, no longer seemed to exist.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

usurpedverbUS /ˌjuːˈsɜːrpt/

past form of “usurp” — seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

vexations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It accused me 'of adding to the vexations of a situation, before sufficiency oppressive.'--Alas! had I known the nature of those vexations, could I have merited such a reproof?

WeeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Weeks elapsed ere the promised letter arrived--a letter still colder, and more severe, than the former.

weptverbUS /wept/

inflected form of “weep” — shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain

From this reading I wept over it, bitter tears!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Some one had, surely, usurped his signature, and imitated those characters, I had been accustomed to trace with delight.

Chapter 28 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney by Mary Hays holds 54 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney contain?

Chapter 28 holds 54 sentences of Memoirs of Emma Courtney, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney by Mary Hays exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 54 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Memoirs of Emma Courtney?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Common questions about reading Memoirs of Emma Courtney by Mary Hays on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memoirs of Emma Courtney?

Yes. All 2370 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41256 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Memoirs of Emma Courtney is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41256, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memoirs of Emma Courtney take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 474 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Memoirs of Emma Courtney section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Memoirs of Emma Courtney

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memoirs of Emma Courtney, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Interesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Useful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fictions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Emma Courtney; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.