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Memoirs of Life and Literature
Memoirs of Life and Literature

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Memoirs of Life and Literature is here in full — 524 sentences across 105 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 18 of Memoirs of Life and Literature by W. H. (William Hurrell) Mallock holds 524 sentences, grouped into 105 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Memoirs of Life and Literature contain?

Chapter 18 holds 524 sentences of Memoirs of Life and Literature, unabridged, divided into 105 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Memoirs of Life and Literature by W. H. (William Hurrell) Mallock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 524 sentences, grouped into 105 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Memoirs of Life and Literature?

Work through the 105 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 105 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memoirs of Life and Literature

Common questions about reading Memoirs of Life and Literature by W. H. (William Hurrell) Mallock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memoirs of Life and Literature?

Yes. All 3571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30823 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Memoirs of Life and Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30823, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memoirs of Life and Literature take to read?

About 297 minutes of reading across 715 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Memoirs of Life and Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memoirs of Life and Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Memoirs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Life and Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Life and Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limits
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Life and Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Democracy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of Life and Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cover illustration for Memoirs of Life and Literature
Context Illustration Reading 1/105 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.
If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.
It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.
Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.
Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memoirs of Life and Literature

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Memoirs of Life and Literature is here in full — 524 sentences across 105 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/105 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.
Line 2
If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.
Line 3
It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.
Line 4
Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.
Line 5
Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Art auxiliary verb US /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading “LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

ACTION

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Aspects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

back

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

beginning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

Belief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

bid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

co-operation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

Comparative

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

development

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

End

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Essence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Fine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

go

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

Great

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

indeed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

Interesting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

ItselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

latter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

least

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

LITERATURE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Lucretius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

mainly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

More

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

needless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

oral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

ordinary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

organize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

Own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

partly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

Permanent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

possible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

Prose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Reconstruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

Religion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

rudest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

Sake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

Some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

speak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

Speech

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

tasks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

ThanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

tradition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

Triviality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

understand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

Vehicle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If we go back to the beginning of things, literature, needless to say, is a development of ordinary speech.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Some men at least must speak so as to organize the tasks of others, and the latter must understand speech so as to do what the former bid them.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Without speech no human co-operation, other than the rudest, would be possible.

writing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is speech which has been made permanent, partly, indeed, by oral tradition, but mainly by the art of writing.

Written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE AND ACTION Literature as Speech Made Permanent--All Written Speech Not Literature--The Essence of Literature for Its Own Sake--Prose as a Fine Art--Some Interesting Aspects of Literature as an End in Itself--Their Comparative Triviality--No Literature Great Which Is Not More Than Literature--Literature as a Vehicle of Religion--Lucretius--_The Reconstruction of Belief_.