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Memoirs of My Life and Writings
Memoirs of My Life and Writings

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Memoirs of My Life and Writings is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.
I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.
After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.
I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.
Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memoirs of My Life and Writings

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Memoirs of My Life and Writings is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.
Line 2
I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.
/aɪ tʊk maɪ siːt æt ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈmemərəbəl ˈkɑːntest bɪˈtwiːn ɡreɪt ˈbrɪtən ənd əˈmerəkə ənd səˈpɔːrtɪd wɪð ˈmeni ə sɪnˈsɪr ənd ˈsaɪlənt voʊt ðə raɪts ðoʊ nɑːt pərˈhæps ðə ˈɪntrəst ʌv ðə ˈmʌðər ˈkʌntri/
Line 3
After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.
/ˈæftər ə ˈfliːtɪŋ ˌɪˈluːsɪv hoʊp ˈpruːdəns kənˈdemd miː tuː ˌækwiˈes ɪn ðə ˈhʌmbəl ˈsteɪʃən ʌv ə mjuːt/
Line 4
I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.
/aɪ wɑːz nɑːt ɑːrmd baɪ ˈneɪtʃər ənd ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən wɪð ðə ɪnˈtrepəd ˈenərdʒi ʌv maɪnd ənd vɔɪs/
Line 5
Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquiesce verb US /ˌækwiˈes/

to agree or express agreement

From this reading “After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.”

borough noun US /ˈbɜːroʊ/

one of the administrative divisions of a large city

From this reading “By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.”

Eliot noun US /ˈeliət/

British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)

From this reading “By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.”

fleeting adjective US /ˈfliːtɪŋ/

lasting for a markedly brief time

From this reading “After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.”

illusive adjective US /ˌɪˈluːsɪv/

based on or having the nature of an illusion

From this reading “After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.”

intrepid adjective US /ɪnˈtrepəd/

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

From this reading “I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.”

memorable adjective US /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading “I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.”

rebus noun US /ˈriːbəs/

a puzzle where you decode a message consisting of pictures representing syllables and words

From this reading “Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

acquiesceverbUS /ˌækwiˈes/

to agree or express agreement

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

agendis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

boroughnounUS /ˈbɜːroʊ/

one of the administrative divisions of a large city

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

electionnounUS /ɪˈlekʃən/

a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

EliotnounUS /ˈeliət/

British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

et

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

fleetingadjectiveUS /ˈfliːtɪŋ/

lasting for a markedly brief time

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

illusiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈluːsɪv/

based on or having the nature of an illusion

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

intrepidadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtrepəd/

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

Liskeard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

muteadjectiveUS /mjuːt/

expressed without speech

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

natum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

prudencenounUS /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

rebusnounUS /ˈriːbəs/

a puzzle where you decode a message consisting of pictures representing syllables and words

From this reading Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

sincereadjectiveUS /sɪnˈsɪr/

open and genuine; not deceitful

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

strepitus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

supportedadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After a fleeting illusive hope, prudence condemned me to acquiesce in the humble station of a mute.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

Vincentem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading I was not armed by Nature and education with the intrepid energy of mind and voice.

votenounUS /voʊt/

a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading By the friendship of Mr. (now Lord) Eliot, who had married my first cousin, I was returned at the general election for the borough of Liskeard.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I took my seat at the beginning of the memorable contest between Great Britain and America, and supported, with many a sincere and silent vote, the rights, though not, perhaps, the interest, of the mother country.

Chapter 4 of Memoirs of My Life and Writings by Edward Gibbon holds 391 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Memoirs of My Life and Writings contain?

Chapter 4 holds 391 sentences of Memoirs of My Life and Writings, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Memoirs of My Life and Writings by Edward Gibbon exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 391 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Memoirs of My Life and Writings?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6031, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 133 minutes of reading across 320 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Memoirs of My Life and Writings

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memoirs of My Life and Writings, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fifty-second
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of My Life and Writings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Completion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of My Life and Writings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arduous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of My Life and Writings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Successful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memoirs of My Life and Writings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.