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Memorials of Shrewsbury
Memorials of Shrewsbury

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Memorials of Shrewsbury is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.
A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.
The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.
The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.
The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memorials of Shrewsbury

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Memorials of Shrewsbury is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.
Line 2
A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.
/ə ˈtreʒərər ɪz ˈænjuːəli ˈtʃoʊzən ənd ðə əˈferz ʌv ðə haʊs ɑːr ˈmænədʒd baɪ eɪt dərˈektərz əˈsɪstɪd baɪ ə ˈsekrəteri/
Line 3
The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.
Line 4
The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.
/ðə dəˈmestɪk ərˈeɪndʒmənts ɑːr ˈʌndər ðə ker ʌv ə ˈmeɪtrən ənd ə ˈsɜːrdʒən wɪð ə ˈsæləri ɪz ˈrezɪdənt ɪn ðə haʊs soʊ ðæt ˈmedəkəl eɪd meɪ biː ˈɔːlweɪz æt hænd/
Line 5
The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.
/ðə ˈmedəkəl ˈɔːfəsərz ʌv ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ɡrəˈtuːətəsli dɪˈvoʊt ðer taɪm ənd əˈplaɪ ðer skɪl ɪn prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə bəˈnevələnt dɪˈzaɪn ʌv ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annually adverb US /ˈænjuːəli/

without missing a year

From this reading “A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.”

annum noun US /ˈænəm/

(Latin) year

From this reading “The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.”

gratuitously adverb US /ɡrəˈtuːətəsli/

in an uncalled-for manner

From this reading “The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.”

outpatients noun US /ˈaʊtpeɪʃənts/

plural of “outpatient” — a patient who does not reside in the hospital where he is being treated

From this reading “The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.”

promoting verb US /prəˈmoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading “The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.”

subscribers noun US /səbˈskraɪbərz/

plural of “subscriber” — someone who expresses strong approval

From this reading “The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.”

treasurer noun US /ˈtreʒərər/

an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds

From this reading “A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.”

trustees noun US /ˌtrʌˈstiːz/

plural of “trustee” — a person (or institution) to whom legal title to property is entrusted to use for another's benefit

From this reading “The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

per annum preposition + noun

by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)

In this reading “The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.”

domestic arrangements adjective + noun counted as “domestic arrangement”

In this reading “The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.”

medical aid adjective + noun

professional treatment for illness or injury

In this reading “The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.”

medical officers adjective + noun counted as “medical officer”

a medical practitioner in the armed forces

In this reading “The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.”

two guineas noun + noun counted as “two guinea”

In this reading “The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.”

retire from verb + particle

In this reading “The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.”

at hand preposition + noun

close in space; within reach

In this reading “The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1835

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

2230

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

2429

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

82

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

annualadjectiveUS /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

annuallyadverbUS /ˈænjuːəli/

without missing a year

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

annumnounUS /ˈænəm/

(Latin) year

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

arrangementsnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənts/

plural of “arrangement” — the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

assistedadjectiveUS /əˈsɪstɪd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

benevolentadjectiveUS /bəˈnevələnt/

intending or showing kindness

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

devoteverbUS /dɪˈvoʊt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

directorsnounUS /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

expence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

gratuitouslyadverbUS /ɡrəˈtuːətəsli/

in an uncalled-for manner

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

guineasnounUS /ˈɡɪniz/

plural of “guinea” — a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

half-yearlyadjective

occurring or payable twice each year

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

matronnounUS /ˈmeɪtrən/

a married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is staid and dignified

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

medicaladjectiveUS /ˈmedəkəl/

relating to the study or practice of medicine

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

outpatientsnounUS /ˈaʊtpeɪʃənts/

plural of “outpatient” — a patient who does not reside in the hospital where he is being treated

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

patientsnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənts/

plural of “patient” — a person who requires medical care

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

promotingverbUS /prəˈmoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

relievedadjectiveUS /rɪˈliːvd/

(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

residentadjectiveUS /ˈrezɪdənt/

living in a particular place

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

retireverbUS /rɪˈtaɪr/

go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

salarynounUS /ˈsæləri/

something that remunerates

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

secretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

subscribersnounUS /səbˈskraɪbərz/

plural of “subscriber” — someone who expresses strong approval

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

surgeonnounUS /ˈsɜːrdʒən/

a physician who specializes in surgery

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The medical officers of the establishment gratuitously devote their time and apply their skill in promoting the benevolent design of the institution.

treasurernounUS /ˈtreʒərər/

an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds

From this reading A treasurer is annually chosen, and the affairs of the house are managed by eight directors, assisted by a secretary.

trusteesnounUS /ˌtrʌˈstiːz/

plural of “trustee” — a person (or institution) to whom legal title to property is entrusted to use for another's benefit

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

upwardsadverbUS /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

weeklynounUS /ˈwiːkli/

a periodical that is published every week (or 52 issues per year)

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The average annual expence is about £2230, and the weekly number of patients in the house 82; and 2429 outpatients were relieved in 1835.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The directors are chosen from the trustees, who are subscribers of two guineas and upwards per annum, of whom four retire from their office half-yearly.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The domestic arrangements are under the care of a matron; and a surgeon with a salary is resident in the house, so that medical aid may be always at hand.

Chapter 4 of Memorials of Shrewsbury by Henry Pidgeon holds 393 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Memorials of Shrewsbury contain?

Chapter 4 holds 393 sentences of Memorials of Shrewsbury, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Memorials of Shrewsbury by Henry Pidgeon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 393 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Memorials of Shrewsbury?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memorials of Shrewsbury

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Yes. All 2020 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62621 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #62621, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 168 minutes of reading across 404 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Memorials of Shrewsbury

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memorials of Shrewsbury, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Information
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memorials of Shrewsbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visitors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memorials of Shrewsbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Residents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memorials of Shrewsbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memorials of Shrewsbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.